文档介绍：英语句子
成分分析
(一)主语
主语表示句子所说的是“谁”或“什么事物”通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句充当。
The book is interesting.
She went out in a hurry.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad for health.
When we shall leave hasn’t been decided.
The wounded ____taken good care of there.
What he has just said ___true.
were
is
形容词或分词前加the 可以表示一类人,做主语时,谓语动词用复数。
从句也可以做主语,称为主语从句,此时谓语动词用单数。
(二) 谓语
谓语说明主语“干什么”,“是什么”,“怎么样”,主要由动词构成。有简单谓语、复合谓语之分。
1. 简单谓语: 是由动词或动词词组组成的。
Everyone laughed.
Mike likes his new book.
2. 复合谓语:是由“情态动词或助动词+ 动词”构成;“连系动词+ 表语”也构成复合谓语。
He can speak English very well.
The work must be done before three o’clock.
He is a teacher.
(三) 表语
表语常位于系动词(be, e, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell 等词)之后,和系动词一起构成谓语。常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当。
1. He is a student.
2. The story is interesting.
3. This is what he said.
4. Seeing is believing. 5. That sounds a good idea.
(四) 宾语
宾语是动作的对象或承受者,一般用在及物动词或介词后面, 由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当
1. I love you.
2. She promised to help me.
3. I don’t know what he said at the meeting.
4. He likes playing basketball.
宾语包括间接宾语(人) 和直接宾语(物)。间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做),紧接在谓语动词后;直接宾语是谓语动作的承受者。
They offered me the job.
He gave me a book.
(五) 宾语补足语
有些动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明,称为宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。
I found the book interesting.
He made himself known to them first.
I consider her as my best friend.
I shall call it Kitty.
has a lot of things to do.
(不定式作后置定语)
is a novel written by Mark.
(过去分词作后置定语)
girl singing on the stage is my classmate.
(现在分词作后置定语)
girl who is singing on the stage is my classmate.
(七) 状语
状语是句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分,通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或从句担任,可表时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等。
politely. (副词)
is busy at present. (介词短语)
search for gold, many people went to California. (不定式)