文档介绍：该【中医英语常用语 】是由【1781111****】上传分享，文档一共【22】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【中医英语常用语 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..(一)中医方剂名称的翻译方法从目前的翻译实践来看,方剂名称均可以音译。如“麻黄汤”可译为MahuangDecoction,“桂枝汤”可译为GuizhiDecoction。也有的将剂型也予以音译。但也有不少人采用直译或意译的方式翻译方剂名称。但在具体翻译时有的采用英语翻译方剂名称中的中药名(如将“桂枝汤”译为CinnamonTwigDecoction),有的则采用拉丁语翻译(如将“桂枝汤”译为RamulusCinnamoniDecoction)。有关中药名称的翻译问题,请参见第二十课的有关内容。就直译和意译而言,方剂名称的翻译可以有如下一些方式::主药名+剂型名,如“麻黄汤”可译为EphedraeDecoction或EphedraDecoction。:病证名+剂型名,如“疝气汤”可译为HerniaDecoction。:动物名+剂型名,如“白虎汤”可译为WhiteTigerDecoction,“青龙汤”可译为BlueDragonDecoction。:借喻物+剂型名,如“碧玉散”可译为JasperPowder,“玉女煎”可译为JadeMaidenDecoction。:功效+剂型名,如“温脾汤”可译为Spleen-WarmingDecoction或DecoctionforWarmingtheSpleen。:时间+剂型名,如“鸡鸣散”可译为Rooster-CrowingPowder,“鸡苏散”可译为Rooster-WakingPowder。:主药+剂型名+for+功效,如“朱砂安神丸”可译为Cinnabaris(或Cinnabar)DecoctionforTranquilizingtheMind,“黄连解毒汤”可译为RhizomaCoptidis(或Coptis)DecoctioinforRelievingToxin。:颜色+剂型名,如“桃花汤”可译为PeachBlossomDecoction,“紫雪丹”可译为Purple-SnowBolus。:君药+剂型名+plus(加)或minus(减)+加上或减去的药物名称,如“桂枝加(减)芍药汤”可译为RamulusCinnamoni(或CinnamonTwig)DecoctionPlusRadixPaeoniae(或Peony)。:所含诸药数+剂型名+for+功效,如“五味消毒饮”可译为Five-IngredientDecoctionforEliminatingToxin。(三)中医方剂常见剂型及其翻译中医方剂剂型比较多,现就其主要种类与译法分述如下::::可译为Bolus(大丸药)、Pellet(小丸药)或Pill(1)蜜丸:HoneyedBolus(2)水丸:WaterPellet(3)糊丸:PastePill(4)浓缩丸::Paste,Ointment,Plaster,Salve(1)流浸膏:LiquidExtract(2)浸膏:Extract(3)煎膏:DecoctedPaste(4)软膏:Ointment,Paste:..)硬膏::与丸剂同,只因多用精练药品或贵重药品制成,所以称丹不称丸。::::Lozenge,Pastille,::::::Capsule(二),flowers,herbsandtreesaretheonesmostfrequentlyused,,大多数是、草和树木,所以中药又称为中草药。)andfivetastes(sour,bitter,sweet,acridorpungent-spicyandsalty).中草药具有寒、热、温、凉四种不同的药性(即四气)和酸、苦、甘、辛、咸五种不同的味道(即五味)。(Fuzi),whichrelievecoldsyndromes,。,。,。-。,slightlycoldandverycold;bitter,slightlybitterandverybitter;、微寒和大寒;或者为苦、微苦和苦甚。,descending,。;theypromotesweating,raiseyang,、升阳、涌吐和开窍的功效。,conductqidownward,promoteurinationanddefecation,、通便、,,炮制有可能改变药物的性味和影响药物的作用趋向。:..。。《中华本草》一书中,“有毒、无毒、有大毒或有小毒”等词经常出现。,以免带来副作用。(三),alsoknownasexterior-relievingmethod,,也叫解表法,是运用解表发汗的方药,开泄肌腠,解除表证的一种治疗方法。,、疮疡病初起,以及麻疹透发不畅等具有上述证候者。。,使之从口涌吐而出的一种治疗方法。。,eliminateretentionofsubstanceumulationofsthenia-,通过泻下大便,攻逐体内结滞和积水,并解除实热蕴结的一种治疗方法。。,suchasshaoyangsyndromemarkedbyalternativechillsandfeverinthesemi-exteriorandsemi-interiorphase;irregularmenstruationduetodisharmonybetweentheliverandstomachandstagnationofliverqi;abdominalpainand:..月经不调,以及肝旺脾虚的腹痛、泻泄等。:mediatingshaoyang,relaxingtheliverandharmonizingthestomach,regulatingtheliverandspleen,:和解少阳,适用于邪在半表半里之间的少阳证;舒肝和胃,适用于肝气犯胃,胃失和降;调和肝脾,适用于肝脾失调;调和肠胃,适用于邪在肠胃,寒热互见。,alsoknownascold-eliminatingtherapy,,也叫祛寒法,是运用性质温热的方药,以祛除寒邪和补益阳气的一种治疗方法。:warmingthemiddletoeliminatecold,:温中祛寒、温化痰饮、回阳救逆。,warmingthekidneytopromotewatermetabolism,、温肾利水、温经暖肝、温胃利气等。-clearingtherapyisatherapeuticmethodusedtoclearawayheatbymeansofreducingfire,,通过泻火、解毒、凉血等作用,以清除热邪的一种治疗方法。-clearingtherapyisclinicallydividedintofourtypes:fire,clearingawayheattoremovetoxin,clearingawayheatatyingphasetocoolblood,:清热泻火、清热解毒、清营凉血、养阴清热。、导食滞的方药,以消积导滞的一种治疗方法。:promotingdigestiontoeliminatefoodretention,:消食导滞、消痞化积、行气消瘀。,、消水散肿及软坚散结。,,以补充精、血、津液等物质,消除虚弱证候的一种疗法。:invigoratingqi,tonifying:..(四),、发展与变化的机理。,orleadstodysfunctionofthevisceraandmeridians,orresultsindisturbanceofqiandblood,,或使脏腑、经络功能失调,或使气血功能紊乱,从而产生全身或局部的多种多样的病理变化。,thepathogenesis,ingeneral,involvesnomorethansuchfactorsassuperabundanceordeclinebetweenhealthyqiandpathogenicfactors,imbalancebetweenyinandyang,,临床征象错综复杂,但总离不开邪正盛衰、阴阳失调、气血失常、经络和脏腑功能紊乱等病机变化的一般规律。,正气难以有力抗击邪气,引起虚证。,plexion,palpitationandshortnessofbreath,spontaneoussweating,nightsweating,orfeverishsensationoverfivecenters(palms,solesandchest),oraversiontocoldandcoldlimbsandweakpulse,、面容憔悴,心悸气短,自汗,盗汗,五心烦热,畏寒肢冷,脉虚无力等。,,邪正之争激烈,导致实证。,indigestion,accumulationoffluidanddampness,interiorretentionofbloodstasis,highfever,mania,highandcoarsevoice,unpalpableabdominalpain,constipation,dysuriaandpowerfulpulse,,狂燥,声高气粗,腹痛拒按,二便不通,,relativedecline,mutualconsumption,、阴阳偏衰、阴阳的护损、阴阳的格拒和阴阳的亡失。9.“邪气盛则实”“predominanceofyangcausesexternalheat”.所以《素问》说:“阳盛则外热”。“lossofessence:..,orpostnatalmalnutritionandendogenousimpairmentduetooverstrain,,或后天饮食失养和劳倦内伤,或久病损伤阳气所致。,suchaspathogenicfactorsofyangnatureimpairingyin,,或因五志过极,化火伤阴,或因久病耗伤阴液所致。(palms,solesandchest),bone-steaming,tidalfever,flushedcheeks,emaciation,nightsweating,drymouthandthroatandreddishtonguewithscantycoatingaswellasthin,、骨蒸、潮热、面赤、消瘦、盗汗、口干咽燥、舌红少苔、脉细数无力等。,,形成阴阳两虚的病机。,阳虚导致阴虚称为阳损及阴。-,形成以阴虚为主的阴阳两虚病理状态。-,从而形成以阳虚为主的阴阳两虚病理状态。,,因而壅遏于内,将另一方排斥格拒于外,从而出现真寒假热或真热假寒等复杂的病理现象。,alsoknownasrejectionofyang,meansthatinteriorexuberanceofyindrivesyangtofloatexteriorly,clinicallyleadingtosuchfalse-heatsymptomsasflushedcheeks,dysphoricfever,,又称格阳,指阴寒之邪壅盛于内,逼迫阳气浮越于外的病理状态,临床表现为面红、烦热、口渴、脉大等假热之象。,alsoknownasrejectionofyin,meansthatinteriorpredominanceofpathogenicheatstagnateyangandpreventsitfromreachingthelimbs,clinicallyresultinginsuchfalse-,又称格阴,指热邪内盛,阳气被遏,不能外达于肢体,临床表现为四肢逆冷、脉象沉伏等假寒之象。:..-fluid,orbyotherfactorsthatexcessivelyconsumesyin-,或邪热久留,大量灼阴液所致,也可由其它因素大量耗损阴液而致。(五),attimeshardortrying—yettakenasawhole,invaluableandenriching.(在该院的)经历是不同寻常的,虽然有时艰难或者难堪,但总的来说是很有价值的和丰富的。,theterm“phlegm”hastwomeanings.,,itisthesubstancewhichcanlodgeans,,痰有两层意思。狭义的痰指的是由喉咙咯出的痰;广义的痰指的是可以停滞在经络和器官里并引起痰证的痰。,transportationandeliminationoffluidresultingfromdisordersofthelungs,,butisheavierandthickerthandampness,。痰是湿之甚,但比湿厚重,甚至更易于引起阻滞和闭塞。痰既是失调的结果,有时失调的原因。,