文档介绍：虚拟语气
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虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式,用来表示说话人
的意愿、请求、意图、建议、设想等主观愿望、假设、
推测或虚拟的情况等。
虚拟语气主要用于if引导的非真实条件句及其他从句
和句式中。
概述
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(一)非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
由if引导的非真实条件句表明所假设的条件与事实相
反,或发生的可能性不大。主要分为假设的条件与现在
事实相反、假设的条件与过去事实相反和假设的条件与
将来事实相反或不太可能实现,从句和主句的谓语动词
相对应的结构如下表所示:
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假设情况
If从句谓语形式
主句谓语形式
与现在事实相反
一般过去时(动词be不分人称,一律用were)
would (should/could/might) + 动词原形
与过去事实相反
had + 过去分词
would (should/could/might) + have + 过去分词
与将来事实相反
were to /should + 动词原形
would (should/could/might) + 动词原形
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与现在事实相反的非真实条件句虚拟形式如上表所示。
例如:
If I had a car, I would lend it to you.
如果我有车,我会借给你。
If he were here, he would help us.
如果他在这里的话,他会帮助我们的。
If I were you, I would study first and play later.
如果我是你,我就会先学****后玩儿。
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2. 与过去事实相反的非真实条件句
虚拟形式如上表所示。例如:
If you had taken my advice, you could not have made
the stupid mistake.
如果你听取我的建议的话,就不可能会犯这么愚
蠢的错误了。
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3. 与将来事实相反的非真实条件句
表示对将来事情的假设或者推测,形式如上表所示。例如:
If it were to rain / should rain tomorrow, the crops would be
saved. 如果明天下雨,庄稼就得救了。(最近天气很好,明天根本
不会下雨)
即条件从句与主句动作发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据
表示的时间来调整。例如:
If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would feel better
now.
如果你昨天吃了药的话,你现在就会感觉好多了。
(从句指过去;主句指现在)
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省略的条件句
在正式文体中,连词if可以省略,而将were, had, should
等非行为动词提到主语前面,构成倒装。
Were I younger (If I were younger), I would go abroad.
假如我年轻一些,我就会出国。
Had he worked harder (If he had worked harder), he
would have got through the exam.
如果他早点努力的话,他就通过这次考试了。
Should e early (If he e early), tell him
to wait for me.
如果他来得早,告诉他等着我。
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(二)用于wish引导的宾语从句中
在wish引导的宾语从句中,如果表示“与现在事实相反的愿
望”,从句的谓语动词要用过去式(如果谓语动词是be,则要
用were);如果表示“与过去事实相反的愿望”,从句的谓语
动词要用“had + 过去分词”;如果表示“对将来不太可能实现
或相反的愿望”,从句的谓语动词要用“w