文档介绍：第四章孟德尔遗传定律
Mendel’s principles
第一节分离规律
Mendel’s Experiments
Gregor Johann Mendel
(1822-84)
Mendel, born in 1822, grew up in a rural area of what is now a part of Czechoslovakia. Because his family was poor, he entered a monastery in order to continue his education. Mendel had a lifelong interest in biology, particularly animal breeding, but because his superiors did not think it appropriate for a cleric to breed animals, he concentrated instead on raising garden peas and other plants in the monastery garden.
Why Mendel chose the pea plant?
The garden pea was easy to cultivate and had relatively short life cycle.
The plant had discontinuous characteristics such as flower color and pea texture.
In part because of its anatomy, pollination of the plant could be controlled easily. Foreign pollen could be kept out, and cross-fertilization could be plished artificially.
Concerned concept
杂交(cross): 在遗传分析中有意识地将两个基因型不同的亲本进行交配称杂交。
F1 (Filial generation) : 由两个基因型不同的亲本杂交产生的种子及长成的植株。
F2:由F1自交或互交产生的种子及长成的植株。
杂种(hybrid): 任何不同基因型的亲代杂交所产生的个体。
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Concerned concept
P:亲本;
♀:母本;
♂:父本;
: 自交。