文档介绍：Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Based on McMurry’s Fundmentals of Organic Chemistry, 5th edition, Chapter 8
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Lecture Outlet
Naming alcohols, phenols & ethers
Physical properties of alcohols, phenols & ethers
Boiling point -- Hydrogen bonding
Acidity
Preparation of alcohols
Hydration of alkenes
Reduction of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters)
Reactions of alcohols
Dehydration of alcohols
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Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers
Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a a saturated C (sp3)
Phenols contain an OH group connected to a carbon in a benzene ring
Ethers have an oxygen atom bonded to two organic groups (alkyl, aryl, vinyl)
Methanol, CH3OH, called methyl alcohol, is a common solvent, a flavoring agent, produced in large quantities
Ethanol, CH3CH2OH, called ethyl alcohol, is a solvent, a fuel additive, a beverage
Phenol, C6H5OH has diverse uses - it gives its name to the general class of compounds
Diethyl ether, CH3OCH3 has medical use as an anesthetic agent
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Naming Alcohols
General classifications of alcohols based on substitution on C to which OH is attached
Methyl (C has 3 H’s, CH3OH), Primary (1°, RCH2OH) (C has two H’s, one R), secondary (2°, R2CHOH) (C has one H, two R’s), tertiary (3°, R3COH) (C has no H, 3 R’s)
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IUPAC Rules for Naming Alcohols
Select the longest carbon chain containing the hydroxyl group, and derive the parent name by replacing the -e ending of the corresponding alkane with -ol
Number the carbons of the parent chain from the end nearer the hydroxyl group
Number all substituents according to position on the chain, listing the substituents in alphabetical order
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Many Alcohols Have Common Names
These are accepted by IUPAC
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Naming Phenols
The word phenol is used both as the name of a specific substance (hydroxy benzene) and as the family name for all hydroxy-substituted aromatic compounds.
Number other substituents on the aromatic ring by their position from OH so tha