文档介绍：As people relay more and more on technology to slove problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surly deteriorate.
a:科技带来巨变,describe对生活的影响(对手机,网络,电视依赖性),信息量太大,too busy to receive instead of processing the information. 有些人似乎变蠢了。但是并不是所有人智力都退化了
b:科技作为一种工具是帮助人们提高效率(increase efficiency)而不是代替人们思考。满足人们基本需要(increase efficiency),使人们不再为生存挣扎。科技的其他好处(医疗,应对自然灾害)。使人们从简单的重复劳动中解放出来,例如工厂的机器,有更多时间思考复杂问题。因此,社会需要人才deal with challenge tasks, 促使人们学校
以满足社会需要
c:科技发展带来新的问题需要人们解决,能源危机。还有一问题,科技并不能解决(racial discrimination--increase efficiency)
d:科技的发展带给人们的影响(the relation) require further consideration. 对有一些人是机遇和挑战(opportunities and challenges),有一些人则成了passive receiver.
To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study it major cities.
a:选一些城市来做研究是合理的,因为有太多城市在一个society里了,但怎么挑选城市require further (political, economic and cultural center),吸引来自各地的人,使不同的文化在这里碰撞。因此为了了解important characteristics,大城市有研究必要. 但是仅研究大城市不足够。
。虽然大城市作为文化交流中心,可以看到不同大特性,但是某些特性离开了家乡,可能会发生变化。比如饮食习惯(eating habits),nonlocal 餐馆improve their flavor to cater to the popular taste. 大城市不能体现地方的一些特色,或者有一些特征虽然大城市有,但是小城市和其他rural area 并没有此类特征。因此单单考虑大城市可能得出错误结论。
c. Globalization, 大城市趋于一样。The same skyscrapers, the same rapid pace of life can be seen in the major cities. Chain corporations are all over the world. 大城市的特性可能是 universal。所以因此仅仅研究大城市不足以体现一个society 的 own characteristics. 强调大城市可能对研究有detrimental effect. 既然特性全社会都有,more scientific way may be to choose the sample randomly.
d. 不能过分强调大城市在研究中的重要性,pare and contrast)来选择城市。
3. The scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.
The scandal reflects the event in a way which beyond the ethical and legal dimension. It stings the nerve of the public. Thus, scandals can attract people’s attention to the problem in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could. In fact, some major social change is ignited by the scandal such as the watergate