文档介绍：语法复****
句子成分
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
) very sad.
注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。
4）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft.
5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, ： He became mad after that.  
6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如： The rumor proved false.
His plan turned out a success.
（五）宾语
宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
went to see an exhibition yesterday.
heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
many dictionaries do you have? I have five.
（名词）
（代词、动名词）
（名词、数词）
helped the old with their housework yesterday.
pretended not to see me.
enjoy listening to popular music.
think（that）he is fit for his office.
（名词化形容词，名词）
（不定式短语）
（动名词短语）
（宾语从句）
宾语种类：
（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如：
He sent the novel to William yesterday.
For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如：
She bought a gift for her mother.
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：
They elected him their monitor.
下列动词只能接不定式做宾语
ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如： He refused to lend me his bike.
下列动词只能接动名词做宾语
admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，如：
John has admitted breaking the window .
下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。
（六）宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语（Object Complement），才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等)+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
father named him Dongming.
painted their boat white.
the fresh air in.
mustn