托福能力测试题.doc

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TOEFL入学测试·强化突破阶段
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启德教育TOEFL入学程度测试卷
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学员姓名____________________
TOEFL入学测试·强化突破阶段
-8-
instrumentaltiestodistinguishbetweentwotypesofgroups:,intimate,;,;,jokes,gossip,andsatisfactions.
,,face-to-,.
,,,mediate,andinterpretasociety'sculturalpatternsandprovidethesenseofonenesssocriticalforsocialsolidarity.
Second,,weexperiencecompanionship,love,security,andanoverallsenseofwell-,sociologistsfindthatthestrengthofagroup'sprimarytieshasimplicationsforthegroup',thestrongertheprimarygrouptiesofasportsteamplayingtogether,thebettertheirrecordis.
TOEFL入学测试·强化突破阶段
-8-
Third,,memberscanfrequentlywinbyrejectingorthreateningtoostracizethosewhodeviatefromtheprimarygroup',somesocialgroupsemployshunning(apersoncanremaininthecommunity,butothersareforbiddentointeractwiththeperson),,theyelicitfromusbehaviorthatconformstogroup-,then,servebothascarriersofsocialnormsandasenforcersofthem.
Paragraph1:,ourhumannessmustbesustainedthroughsocialinteraction—,itiscalledarelationship.

○delicate
○elaborate
○private
○common
,whichofthefollowingistrueofarelationship?
○Itisastructureofassociationswithmanypeople.
○Itshouldbestudiedinthecourseofasocialinteraction.
○Itplacesgreatdemandsonpeople.
○Itdevelopsgraduallyovertime.
Paragraph2:Peopleareboundwithinrelationshipsbytwotypesofbonds:,weachieveasenseofsecurity,love,acceptance,companionship,
TOEFL入学测试·强化突破阶段
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,,wesimplycooperatewithotherstoreachsomeendwithoutendowingtherelationshipwithanylargersignificance.

○leaving
○exposing
○providing
○understanding
'smentionofworkingwithcompetitorsinparagraph2?
○Instrumentaltiescandevelopeveninsituationsinwhichpeoplewouldnormallynotcooperate.
○Instrumentaltiesrequireasmuchemotionalinvestmentasexpressiveties.
○Instrumentaltiesinvolvesecurity,love,andacceptance.
○Instrumentaltiesshouldbeexpectedtobesignificant.
Paragraph3:Sociologistshavebuiltonthedistinctionbetweenexpressiveandinstrumentaltiestodistinguishbetweentwotypesofgroups:,intimate,;,;,jokes,gossip,andsatisfactions.
,whatdosociologistsseeasthemaindifferencebetweenprimaryandsecondarygroups?
○Primarygroupsconsistofpeopleworkingtogether,whilesecondarygroupsexistoutsideofworksettings.
○Inprimarygroupspeopleareseenasmeans,whileinsecondarygroupspeopleareseenasends.
TOEFL入学测试·强化突破阶段
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○Primarygroupsinvolvepersonalrelationships,whilesecondarygroupsaremainlypracticalinpurpose.
○Primarygroupsaregenerallysmall,whilesecondarygroupsoftencontainmorethantwopeople.
'sclaiminparagraph3thatprimarygrouprelationshipssometimesevolveoutofsecondarygrouprelationships?
○Secondarygrouprelationshipsbeginbybeingprimarygrouprelationships.
○Asecondarygrouprelationshipthatishighlyvisiblequicklybecomesaprimarygrouprelationship.
○Sociologistsbelievethatonlyprimarygrouprelationshipsareimportanttosociety.
○Eveninsecondarygroups,frequentcommunicationservestobringpeopleintocloserelationships.
Paragraph4:,,face-to-,.

○enlarge
○evaluate
○impress
○accept
Paragraph5:,,.
TOEFL入学测试·强化突破阶段
-3-
Sociologistsviewprimarygroupsasbridgesbetweenindividualsandthelargersocietybecausetheytransmit,mediate,andinterpretasociety'sculturalpatternsandprovidethesenseofonenesssocriticalforsocialsolidarity.
?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.
○Sociologiststhinkthatculturalpatternsestablishconnectionsbetweentheindividualandthelargersociety.
○Sociologistsbelievethatindividualswithasenseofonenessbridgethegapbetweensocietyandprimarygroups.
○Sociologiststhinkprimarygroupscontributetosocialsolidaritybecausetheyhelpmaintainasociety'sculturalpatterns.
○Sociologistsbelievethattheculturalpatternsthatprovidesocialsolidarityariseasbridgesfromprimarygroups.

○drawingcomparisonsbetweentheoryandpractice
○presentingtwoopposingtheories
○definingimportantconceptsandprovidingexamplesofthem
○discussingcausesandtheireffects
Paragraph7:Third,,memberscanfrequentlywinbyrejectingorthreateningtoostracizethosewhodeviatefromtheprimarygroup',somesocialgroupsemployshunning(apersoncanremaininthecommunity,butothersareforbiddentointeractwiththeperson),,theyelicitfromusbehaviorthatconformstogroup-,then,servebothascarriersofsocialnormsandasenforcersofthem.

○detract
○advance
TOEFL入学测试·强化突破阶段
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○select
○depart
,whywouldasocialgroupuseshunning?
○Toenforcepracticeofthekindsofbehavioracceptabletothegroup
○Todiscourageoffendingindividualsfromremaininginthegroup
○Tocommendandrewardthebehavioroftheothermembersofthegroup
○Todecidewhichbehavioralnormsshouldbepassedontothenextgeneration?
Paragraph6:Second,primarygroupsarefundamentalbecausetheyprovidethesettingsinwhichwemeetmostofourpersonalneeds.■Withinthem,weexperiencecompanionship,love,security,andanoverallsenseofwell-being.■Notsurprisingly,sociologistsfindthatthestrengthofagroup'sprimarytieshasimplicationsforthegroup'sfunctioning.■Forexample,thestrongertheprimarygrouptiesofasportsteamplayingtogether,thebettertheirrecordis.■
[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.
Peoplewhodonotlivealone,forexample,tendtomakehealthierlifechoicesanddevelopfewerpathologiesthanpeoplewholivebythemselves.
Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?
:.
PrimaryGroups
●
●
●
SecondaryGroups
●
●
AnswerChoices
○Developingsociallyacceptablebehavior
○Workingtogetheragainstcompetitors
○Experiencingpressurefromoutsideforces
○Viewingpeopleasameanstoanend
TOEFL入学测试·强化突破阶段
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○Existingforpracticalpurposes
○Providingmeaningforlifesituations
○Involvingcloserelationships
二、听力部分(10’)
1Whatisthemainpurposeofthelecture?
ATointroduceamethodthatcanhelpstudentsremembernewinformation
BTointroduceawaytostudyhowinformationpassesfromonepersontoanother
CToexplainthedifferencesbetweenbiologicalinformationandculturalinformation
DToexplainthedifferencesbetweenstories,songs,andotherpiecesofinformation
2Whydoestheprofessortellthestoryaboutalligators?
AToexplainthedifferencebetweentrueandfalsestories
BTodrawananalogybetweenalligatorreproductionandculturaltransmission
CTogiveanexampleofapieceofinformationthatfunctionsasameme
DToshowhowastorycangraduallychangeintoasong
3Accordingtotheprofessor,whichofthefollowingareexamplesofmemetransfer?(2answers)
ATellingfamiliarstories
BSharingfeelings
CComposingoriginalmusic
DLearningascientifictheory
4Whatexampledoestheprofessorgiveofameme’slongevity?
AAstoryhasbeenchangingsinceitfirstappearedinthe1930s.
BApersonremembersastoryformanyyears.
CAgeneispassedonthroughmanygenerationswithoutchanging.
DAsongquicklybecomespopularallovertheworld.
5What