文档介绍：本科毕业论文外文翻译
外文题目:Clusters parative Advantage:
Implications for Industrial Policy
出处: Inter-American Development Bank
作者: Andrés Rodríguez-Clare
Abstract
Industrial agglomerations or “clusters” arise in the presence of industry-specific and local externalities, also called Marshallian externalities. The standard argument is that such externalities may justify a policy of infant-industry protection to allow and encourage clusters to emerge. This paper explores that argument and shows that different policy implications emerge under a more realistic modeling of clusters. In particular, rather than distorting prices to promote clusters in “advanced” sectors that may exhibit strong clustering possibilities, countries should focus instead on promoting clustering in current sectors that have demonstrated the parative advantage. Import substitution is not a proper way to achieve such a goal.
Introduction
There is a long tradition among both academics and development practitioners that associates economic development with the realization of agglomeration economies. In policy circles, this is evident in the focus on “clusters” as an important concept in understanding growth and in thinking about development policy (Porter, 1990). Clusters arise in the presence of “Marshallian externalities,” according to which firms benefit from the production and innovation activities of neig