文档介绍：人类的文明史=材料的发展史
材料包括:
金属材料
无机非金属材料
有机高分子材料
复合材料
高分子材料学简介
第一章:绪论
INTRODUCTION
Advancement in technology is directly associated with the development of new materials
History is often dated by the materials of most importance to the society, ., the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages
The most important materials in the modern society are plastics, ceramics, and steel
HISTORY
Natural Macromolecules
A anism is plex machine, most functions of which are performed by macromolecules.
DNA, RNA, ribosomers, proteins, cellulose, starches, and a host of other biologically important substances are all macromolecules.
From the very beginning of civilization, humans made technological use of natural macromolecules: leather, fur, wool, wood, cotton, flax, paper, natural rubber, etc.
Man-made (Synthetic) Macromolecules
1839 Elastic property improvement of natural rubber by vulcanization
mercialization of celluloid (75% cellulose nitrate + 25% camphor)
1892 Preparation of rayon textile fibbers
1910 Phenol-formaldehyde resins - first fully-synthetic polymers
1920 Staudinger's hypothesis of "macromolecules"
Firm establishment of the concept of polymers
Nobel Prizes for Polymer Science
1953 H. Staudinger
Introduction of the concept of polymers (but not colloids)
1963 K. Ziegler and G. Natta
Discovery of coordination polymerization catalysts and preparation of stereoregular polymers
1974 P. J. Flory
Theoretical and experimental contributions to fundamental principles of polymer science
1991 G. de Gennes
essful mathematical treatment of phase transition phenomena of polymers, liquid crystals, and super-conducting materials
2000 A. J. Heeger, A. G. MacDiarmid, and H. Shirakawa
Discovery and development of conductive polymers
Polymers Are Everywhere
高分子材料的应用
衣
食
行
住
用
科技
National Missile Defense
我们骄傲:
高分子概念的形成和高分子科学的出现始于20世纪20年代,但高分子材料是近50年发展最快的材料
1996年塑料与金属材料的体积比达到130%