文档介绍：聚合物的结构和性能 The structure and properties of polymer
上海交通大学化学化工学院
高分子物理部分
主要参考书:
高分子物理,何曼君等著,复旦大学出版社,1990年。
高聚物结构与性能(第二版),马德柱等著,科学出版社,1995年。
现代高分子物理学,殷敬华,莫志深主编,科学出版社,2001年。
The Chemistry and Physics, ,MIR Publishers Moscow,1990
高分子物理(中/英文),方征平,宋义虎,沈烈编著,浙江大学出版社,2005
绪论 Introduction
高分子(聚合物;高聚物)的特征
The characteristic of polymer
聚合物的结构和性能
The structure and properties of polymer
教学目的
The educative purpose
高分子结构的主要特点 The structural characteristic of polymer
高分子是由很大数目的重复结构单元组成,它们以共价键相连。每一结构单元相当一个小分子,这些结构单元可以是一种(均聚物),也可以是几种(共聚物),它们以共价键相连接,形成线型分子、支化分子、网状分子等。
Polymer is substances whose molecules consist of structural units repeating many times. Every structural units corresponds to a small molecules and one polymer molecule may include one, tow and sometimes three or more different repeating structure units. The structural units bined by covalent bond and e to linear,
branched work polymer.
一般高分子主链都有一定的内旋转自由度,使高分子链具有柔性。
Polymer have certain inner rotation characteristic and this result in that the macromolecule chain has flexibility
高分子结构的不均一性是一个显著特点。即使是相同条件下的反应产物,各个分子的分子量、单体单元的键合顺序、空间构型的规整性、支化度、交联度以及共聚物的组成及序列结构等都存在或多或少的差异。
Inhomogeneity of polymer structure is marked characteristic. Even if reaction condition is same, pounds may be isomeric, . molecular-weight, arrangement of structure units in space, branched, cross-linked , component of copolymer and sequence have some difference
高分子的分子间相互作用特别重要。
The reciprocity between macromolecules is importance.
高聚物的聚集态有晶态与非晶态之分。
The assemble states of polymer are differentiate with crystal and no-crystal
6 . 要使高聚物加工成有用的材料,往往要在其中加入添料、各种助剂、颜料等。有时用两种或两种以上的高聚物共混改性,这些添加物与高聚物之间以及不同的高聚物之间是如何堆砌成整块高分子材料的,。
It need that the polymer are added to filler, dye and other agents to process into usable materials. Sometimes two or more different polymer will be blended to improve on properties.
高分子的结构 The struacture of polymer
高分子链内结(structure of the chain):
近程结构(short range structure