文档介绍：Chain Governance and Institutions
in Agribusiness
Dr. Xiaoyong Zhang, LEI, Wageningen UR
Xiaoyong.******@
Table of Content
Institutions
Contracts
Chain Governance
Governance Structure in Agri-food Supply Chain
Zhang and Aramyan, 2009
Nobel Price Laureates in Institutional Economics
Douglass North (1993‘):
Institutions are
the Humanly devised constraints that structure policy,
economic and social interaction.
Elinor Ostrom (2009‘):

For her analysis of economic governance, especially mons
.
Oliver Williamson (2009‘):

For his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm
.
Williamson: The New Institutional Economics
Level Frequency Core elements Purpose
(years‘)
Level 1 100 to 1000 Embeddedness: informal Often nonnon----calculative,calculative,
Social theory institutions, customs, traditions, spontaneous
norms, religion
Level 2 101010-10 ---100100100100Institutional Environment: formal Get the Institutional
Economics of rules of the game esp. property environment right: 1 ststst
Property (polity, judiciary, bureaucracy‘) order economizing
rights/political theory
Level 3 transaction 111-1---10101010Governance: play of the game esp. Get the governance
cost economics contract (aligning governance structure right. 2 ndndnd order
structures with transactions‘) economizing
Level 4 continuous Resource allocation and Get the marginal
NeoNeo----classicalclassical employment (prices and quantities, conditionals right. 3 rdrdrd
economics/agency incentive alignment‘) order economizing.
theory
Relationship: NIE, TCE and Chain Governance
NIE deals with the institutional environment as
well as institutional governance
TCE operates at the level of institutions of
governance (getting the governance structures-
markets, hybrids, firms, bureaus- right.‘)
Contracts (eil, 1978‘)
Classical contract (legal rules, formal documents‘)
Neoclassical contract (flexibility, lo