文档介绍：细胞周期的分子调控和细胞凋亡
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细胞周期的分子调控
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细胞周期的概念:
细胞分裂周期(cell divide cycle,CDC):
指细胞生长,分裂时,依次经过G1,S,G2,M期,一分为二,周而复始的过程;细胞周期普遍存在于动植物细胞,包括正常和异常细胞增殖过程中。
机体(活细胞)由周期性细胞(如表皮基底层细胞等),静息期细胞( G0期细胞,如皮下结缔组织中的纤维母细胞,肝细胞和肾细胞等)和终末分化细胞(如神经细胞等)构成。
细胞周期
(Cell cycle)
间期
(Interphase)
丝裂期
(Mitotic phase)
G1期(first gap phase)
S 期(synthetic phase)
G2期(second gap phase)
前期(prophase)
中期(metaphase)
后期(anaphase)
末期(telophase)
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末端分化细胞
细胞具有末端分化结构,例如神经细胞、肌肉细胞、红细胞等,它们失去了分裂能力,一旦分化形成即维持其分化状态直至死亡。
静息细胞(G0期细胞)
在正常情况下不分裂,但适宜的刺激物可诱导其开始DNA的合成并进入细胞周期的细胞。例如肝细胞,部分肝切除技术可诱导其增殖;淋巴细胞当与适宜的抗原反应时可增殖。
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In the first phase (G1) the cell grows. When it has reached a certain size it enters the phase of DNA-synthesis (S) where the chromosomes are duplicated. During the next phase (G2) the cell prepares itself for division. During mitosis (M) the chromosomes are separated and segregated to the daughter cells, which thereby get exactly the same chromosome set up. The cells are then back in G1 and the cell cycle pleted.2001’s Nobel Laureates discovered mechanisms controlling the cell cycle. CDK-molecules and cyclins drive the cell from one phase to the next. The CDK-molecules can pared with an engine and the cyclins with a gear box controlling whether the engine will run in the idling state or drive the cell forward in the cell cycle.
细胞周期的概念-I
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Cell cycle
(Mitosis)
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细胞有丝分裂过程中细胞核的变化
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Mitosis Performancing
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Prize citation: "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle"
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001
Leland Hartwell, born 1939.Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Paul Nurse, born 1949.Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, UK.
Tim Hunt, born 1943.Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, UK.
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Leland Hartwell
Paul Nurse
Tim Hunt
因发现了一类细胞周期调控基因而获此殊荣。这些基因中有一个被命名为“起始(start)”,它在细胞周期调控的第一步中起着关键作用。哈特韦尔还引入了“检测点(checkpoint)”这一概念,这对理解细胞周期如何运行和运转颇有帮助。
运用遗传学和分子生物学方法首次鉴定、克隆出细胞周期的关键调控子之CDK分子(周期素依赖性激