文档介绍：财务管理专业英语
专题一财务报表分析
1
流动性
liquidity
2
分析
analysis
3
指标
indicator
4
比率
ratio
5
绝对数
absolute value
6
资产
asset
7
负债
liability/debt
8
计量
measure
9
评估
evaluate
9
估计
estimate
10
准确的
accurate
11
可靠的
reliable
12
应收账款
accounts receivable
13
可靠性
Credibility/reliability
14
说明
indicate
15
反之亦然
vice versa
16
分期付款
installment
17
偿付能力
solvency
一、短期偿债能力分析
存量比较: =流动资产-流动负债 =长期资本-长期资产 working capital=current assets-current liabilities=long-term capital -long-term assets
提示: (1)营运资本是绝对数,不便于不同企业之间比较。 (1)Working capital is an absolute measure, which is difficult to be used paring panies. (2)营运资本的合理性主要通过短期债务的存量比率评价。 (2)The reasonableness of working capital is primarily evaluated through short-term debt ratio.
=流动资产/流动负债×100% Current ratio=current assets/current liabilities×100%
提示: (1)不存在统一的、标准的流动比率数值。 (2)流动比率是短期偿债能力的粗略估计。 (1)There is no uniform or standard current ratio. (2)Current ratio is a rough estimate of liquidity.
=速动资产/流动负债×100% Quick ratio=(current assets -inventory)/current liabilities
提示: (1)速动比率较之流动比率能够更加准确、可靠地评价企业资产的流动性及其偿还短期负债的能力。 (1)The quick ratio can be more accurate and reliable in measuring the ability of an enterprise to pay short-term debt and its liquidity than the current ratio. (2)影响速动比率可信性的重要因素是应收账款的变现能力。 (2)The liquidity of accounts receivable is the important factor, which influences the credibility of the quick ratio.
【例·计算题】已知某企业存货为18万元,流动负债为20万元,,假设该企业的流动资产由速动资产和存货构成,要求:计算该企业的流动比率。
『正确答案』 速动资产=20×=30万元 流动资产=30+18=48万元 流动比率=48/20=
=(货币资金+交易性金融资产)/流动负债×100% Cash ratio=(ary fund+ trading financial assets)/current liabilities ×100%
提示: 不能说现金比率越大越好。因为现金比率过高表明企业闲置的现金多,会造成企业机会成本的增加和获利能力的降低。 A cash ratio that is too high may indicate pany having too much spare cash, which would increase the opportunity cost and decrease the profitability.