文档介绍：支气管扩张(bronchiectasis )
呼吸科厉银平
何谓支气管扩张?
支气管由于管壁的肌肉、软骨和弹性组织结构破坏引起官腔的扩张和变形。
Bronchiectasis Definition
Bronchiectasis is a chronic inflammatory or degenerative condition of one or more bronchioles of the lungs marked by dilatation.
为什么会支气管扩张?
支气管感染:细菌、结核、曲霉菌
感染阻塞
支扩
为什么会支气管扩张?
支气管被牵拉:结核后
支气管阻塞:感染、异物、肿瘤(内长、外压)
为什么会支气管扩张?
支气管先天发育障碍和遗传因素:
1. 巨大气管-支气管症(tracheobronchomegaly)
2. Kartagener综合征(不动纤毛综合征,immotile cilia syndrome)
3. 副鼻窦-支气管综合征(sinobronchial syndrome)
The sinobronchial syndrome consists of chronic sinusitis and chronic nonspecific inflammation of the lower airways, typically chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis and diffuse panbronchiolitis. This airway disease of unknown etiology is not related to smoking. It mon in Japan and is poorly described in western countries. We report a case in a non-Asian patient. The known efficacy of long-term low-dose erythromycin therapy justifies careful diagnosis of sinobronchial syndrome in patients of non-Asian ethnic origin.
4. 先天性软骨缺失症(congenital cartilage deficiency)
5. 支气管肺隔离症(bronchopulmanary sequestration)
支气管扩张有哪些临床特点?
长期咳嗽、咳痰:痰液可分层
反复咯血
反复造成相应部位的肺炎
慢性感染中毒症状:类似慢性肺脓肿
固定部位持久的湿啰音
肺气肿、肺心病的表现
杵状指(趾)
杵状指(趾)