文档介绍：本科毕业论文外文翻译原文
外文题目: Globalization and the anization of Japan’s Auto Parts Industry
出处: International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management
作者: Ulrike Schaede, School of International Relations and Pacific Studies (IR/PS) University of California, San Diego
原文:
Globalization and the anization of Japan’s Auto Parts Industry
Introduction
One prominent feature of Japanese automobile manufacturing in the postwar period was a system of sourcing parts from closely affiliated smaller firms in long-term, stable relations. Grown from necessity in the early 1950s and turned into a virtue with the introduction of the Toyota Production System in the 1960s, Japan’s subcontracting system had mitigated problems of asymmetric information and uncertainty by turning suppliers into collaborators with a keen interest in a long-term relationship through knowledge infusion. Thus, stable subcontracting offered a solution to the problems associated with either arm’s-length sourcing or full vertical integration (., Ahmadjian/Lincoln 2001, Asanuma 1989, Dyer 2000, McMillan 1990, Smitka 1991).
However, bination of globalization with changes in automotive production and sourcing processes have led to a reconfiguration of Japan’s subcontracting system. Beginning in the 1990s, the location of production abroad accelerated greatly, while petition arrived in Japan as large buyers realized cost savings from global sourcing of low value-added parts. Meanwhile, modulization meant that first-tier suppliers became much more important, especially those also charged with ODM (original design manufacturing). As large car assemblers switched to global bulk sourcing for standard parts and more extensive collaboration with first-tier suppliers for critical parts, Japan’s previous pyramid-shaped subcontractor keiretsu began to collapse, and a new system called “customer meshing” emerged. While the petition threatened the livelihood of third- and fourth-tier suppliers, it also triggered a