文档介绍：MDG Target gap analysis
Dr Hans Hogerzeil
Director, Department of Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies, World anization
October 2008
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Target : In cooperation with panies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries
Indicator . Proportion of Population with Access to Affordable, Essential Drugs on a Sustainable Basis
Access to medicines in the MDGs
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9 indicators proposed by WHO for measurement of access to medicines
Access to essential medicines/technologies as part of the fulfilment of the right to health, recognized in the constitution or national legislation.
Existence and year of last update of a published national medicines policy.
Existence and year of last update of a published national list of essential medicines.
Legal provisions to allow/encourage generic substitution in the private sector.
Public and private per capita expenditure on medicines.
Percentage of population covered by health insurance.
Average availability of 30 selected essential medicines in public and private health facilities
Median consumer price ratio of 30 selected essential medicines in public and private health facilities
Margin or mark-up (in per cent) between producer and consumer price
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Key findings
Recognition of essential medicines in national constitutions
Health is a fundamental human right recognized in at least 135 national constitutions. However, only five countries specifically recognize access to essential medicines/technologies as part of the fulfilment of the right to health.
Recently updated National Medicines Policies
Worldwide, 71 per cent of countries have a published national medicines policy. However, only 48 per cent of developing countries have updated their policy in the past 5 years, compared to 86 per cent of developed countries.
Recently updated National Essential Medicines List
Nearly all (95%) developing countries have a published national EML, and of these 86 per cent have been updated i