文档介绍：咳嗽与咳痰 ( Cough & Expectoration)
原南京中大附属医院神内科主任、硕士生导师
佛山大学医学院医学系孟红旗教授、主任医师
Professor、Doctor director 、Neurologist
Concept and Definition of cough
Coughing is an essential defense mechanism that it prevents the airways from the foreign substance and clear the excretion of respiratory tract.
Coughing is a reflex. permanent and frequent coughing indicates an abnormality.
Concept and definition of Expectoration
Expectoration is a pathological phenomenon that human being remove the pathological secretion from respiratory system by means of coughing.
cough and expectoration
The daily quantity of bronchial secretions produced by a normal person is unknown. But it is sufficiently small to be removed by mucocillary action alone.
Cough and expectoration are not required
概念
咳嗽(cough)是一种保护性反射动作,呼吸道内的分泌物或进入气道的异物可借咳嗽反射排除体外。
咳痰(expectoration)是通过咳嗽动作将呼吸道或肺部的分泌物排出口腔外的动作。
Mechanism
Mechanical, chemical, inflammation →larynx, trachea, bifurcation of the bronchi. →Afferent fibers are in the vague nerve →cough center.
Efferent signals →larynx → muscles of diaphragm, chest wall, abdomen
A coordinated series of plete the cough. Deep inspiration – expiration effort with glottis closed- glottis open abruptly – high velocity of airflow brings out secretions from airways.
发生机制
:
呼吸道粘膜、肺泡与胸膜以及呼吸系统以外的器官,刺激经迷走神经、舌咽神经和三叉神经的感觉神经纤维传入延髓咳嗽中枢喉下神经、膈神经与脊神经分别传到咽肌、声门、膈与其他呼吸肌咳嗽,同时呼吸道内分泌物与异物(痰液)随之被排出。
发生机制
咳痰: 正常呼吸道粘液腺分泌少量粘液,以保持呼吸道粘膜湿润。
当炎症、感染等病理情况下,粘膜或肺泡充血、水肿,毛细血管通透性,腺体分泌物,漏出物、渗出物与粘液、组织坏死物等混合形成痰液。痰量增多借咳嗽动作排出口腔外时方觉咳痰。
Etiology
Respiratory
pleural disease
cardiovascular disease
central nerve system factor
Respiratory disease
Stimulator --- extra and intrathoracic --- from nose,oropharynx --- bronchi --- cough reflex.
such as:
of foreign material
of respiratory tract
of respiratory tract
of respiratory tract