文档介绍：该【胡壮麟语言学名词解释 】是由【花双韵芝】上传分享，文档一共【8】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【胡壮麟语言学名词解释 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。第一章介绍Appliedlinguistics运用语言学::ifalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,:ifthelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correctandstandardinusinglanguage,,:’::,whichstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.’:::()definesastheidealuser’:?。特色::::languageisasystem,::Whilewearebornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,icallytransmitted,:Phonologystudiesthesystemofsoundsofaparticularlanguage;:,ics音学,ics声响语音学respectively.听觉语辅音分类见簿本Phone音素::isaphonologicalunit;:[l]and[l]ontrast音位对峙:icallysimilarsoundsaretwodistinctivephonemes,:iftheyareallophonesofthesamephoneme,thentheydonotdistinguishmeaning,plementeachotherindistribution,:ursinthesameplaceinthestrings,,:referstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwords,—(donotchangegrammaticalclass):averb,forexampleisformedbyadding–entotheadjectiveblack,--blacken.–en,-ate,-icarethuscalledderivationalmorphemes,becausewhentheyareconjoinedtoothermorphemes(orwords)anewwordisderived,:theyareattachedtowordsormorphemes,:afundamentalfactaboutwordsinallhumanlanguagesisthattheycanbegroupedtogetherintoarelativelysmallnumberofclasses,:stillanotherkindofelementwehavenottoucheduponsofarismodifiers,:theyholdthatmeaningshouldbestudiedintermsofsituation,use,context—:::;itisabstractandde-:meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-:’sframeworkanalysis,ofthebasicunitiscalledpredication,::isgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledgesharedbythespeakerandthehearer.(ponentsofsharedknowledgehavebeenidentified,,knowledgeofwhathasbeensaidbefore,knowledgeabouttheworldingeneral,knowledgemunicationistakingplace,andknowledgeabouteachother.)Constatives叙事话语:werestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andwerethusverifiable;Performatives行事话语:theideaofdoingsomethingwhilespeakingcancertainlybebroadenedtoincludenon-conventionalactssuchasstating,promising,requesting,:istheactofutteringwords,phrases,,lexicon,andphonology.(theactbythespeakerishisutteranceofallthewords“you”,“have”,“door”,“open”,.)illocutionaryact言外行为:istheactofexpressingthespeaker’intention;sitistheactperformedinsayingsomething.(theactperformedbythespeakeristhatbymakingsuchanutterancehehasexpressedhisintentionofspeaking,,orclosethedoor,plaint,dependingonthecontext.)Perlocutionaryact言后行为:istheactofperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething;itistheconsequenceof,’sclassificationofspeechacts::satingordescribing,:::(CP)合作原则:。。。。第八章languageandsociety语言和社会munity语言社区::(orlanguagevariety),:(Sapir-WhorfHypothesis)萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说:Hebelievethatlanguagefilterspeople’:weneedtolearnenoughaboutthelanguage’:referstothechild’sacquisitionofhismothertongue,wthei..(LanguageAcquisitionDevice)语言****得装置:esstothesamplesofanaturallanguagetoactivatetheLAD,whichenablesthemtodiscoverhislanguage’(UniversalGrammar)(CPH)重点时期假定:(SLA)::wouldfacilitate使简单targetlanguagelearning,:wouldinterfere扰乱targetlanguagelearning,:Apredicateissomethingsaidaboutanargumentoritstatesthelogicalrelationlinkingtheargumentsinasentencecognates同源词:awordinonelanguagewhichissimilarinformandmeaningtoawordinanothermonsourcecreole克里奥尔语:,andchildrenlearnitastheirfirstlanguage,:Atermusedtorefertospeechwhenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardspeechas“overtthought.”instrumentalmotivation工具性动机:thelearner’sdesiretolearnasecondnguagelabecauseitisusefulforsomefunctional,“instrumental”goals,suchasgettingajob,passinganexamination,:::“table”,“room”:awordorexpressionthatisthoughttobemild,indirect,’sarea布罗卡区:referstothefrontallobeintheleftcerebralhemisphere,,:binedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,:-er“”,“-“dis,-less“”:D-,withtheinsertionofthelexicon,generatesentencesatthelevelofD-structure.(Phrasestructurerules+thelexicon-structure→DMovementrules-structure)→Shyponymy上下义关系:referstothesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,:,essivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanotherintermsofplaceormannerofarticulation,:binesaspectsofalltheelementsregardingregional,social,andstylisticvariation,inoneformoranotherinterference扰乱:theuseofone’sfirstlanguagehichruleleadswtoanerrororinappropriateforminthetargetlanguage,’sLaw格林定律:Becausethesesoundchangesweresostrikinglyregularandlaw-like,theybecameknownasGrimm’,theGermaniclanguagesweresubjecttoarulethatchangedallvoicelessstopsintofricativesaftertheysplitofffromotherIndo-:::whenthevocalcordsaredrawnwideapart,lettingairgothroughwithoutcausingvibration,:aclausethattakesasubjectandafiniteverb,andatthesametimestandsstructurallyalone.(Asimplesentencesatisfiesthestructuralrequirementsofafiniteclause.)epenthesis增音;插入字母:pounding复合词::theapplicationofarulefromonepartofthegrammartoanotherpartofthegrammarbyanalogy(类推,近似):meanslanguageusersuselanguagetoconveyinformation,thoughtsandfeelingsfromonepersontoanother,ortocontroleachother’:ursinsecondlanguagelearninginwhichincorrectlinguisticfeatures(entoragrammaticalpattern)::isthetranscriptionwithletter-:,子句descriptivelinguistics描绘性语言学diphthong双元音morphologicalrules形态规则casecondition格条件collocationalsynonyms搭配同义词linguisticrelativism语言相对论thenativistviewoflanguageacquisition本地的语言****得观synchroniclinguistics共时语言学liquids流音languagecenters语言中心formalinstruction正式指示majorlexicalcategory主要词汇范围behaviourismasasemanticview行为主义(语义观)stylisticsynonyms文体同义词sentencestress句子之重读diacritics变音符号phrasestructurerule短语构造规则presupposition假定Wernicke’sarea韦尼克区OverthoughtGenerallinguistics