文档介绍：
Polymerizations in Liquid and Supercritical
Carbon Dioxide
Dorian A. Canelas and Joseph M. DeSimone
Department of Chemistry, CB C3290, Venable and Kenan Laboratories,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
E-mail: ******@ E-mail: ******@
In the past few years, remarkable progress has been made in defining the scope and limitations of
carbon dioxide (CO) as an inert polymerization medium. It has appear that CO represents a viable
solvent choice for a variety of propagation mechanisms including both chain growth and step
growth polymerizations. When the environmental advantages of CO bined with its ability
to be used as a solvent/dispersing medium for a wide variety of chemical reactions, it es clear
that CO may be the solvent of the future for the polymer industry. In addition, the design and
synthesis of micelle-forming surfactants for CO opens the doors for use of surfactant-modified CO
as the medium for heterogeneous polymerizations. This review will focus on the use of CO as an
inert solvent for the synthesis and processing of polymers.
List of Symbols and Abbreviations ...................... 104
1 Introduction .................................. 106
2 Homogeneous Solution Polymerizations ................. 111
Fluoropolymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Free Radical Chain Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Cationic Chain Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
3 Heterogeneous Polymerizations ...................... 115
Free Radical Precipitation Polymerizations . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Dispersion and Emulsion Polymerizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Design and Synthesis of Stabilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Polymerization of Lipophilic Monomers . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Polymerization of Hydrophilic Monomers . . . . . . . . . . 127
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