文档介绍：该【高中化学方程式配平练习大全 】是由【1781111****】上传分享，文档一共【12】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【高中化学方程式配平练习大全 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..中化学方程式配平练****大全1◆碱金属元素Na+O===NaO+O222Na+ONa+S===2Na+HO==NaO+HO===222NaO+HO===(此反应分两步:NaO+2HO===2NaOH+HO;222222222HO===2HO+O.)2222NaO+CO===NaO+CO===22222NaCO+HCl===NaHCO+HCl===233NaHCO3Li+OK+HO===22NaHCO+NaOH==NaCO+HO+CO===32322NaOH+CO==NaOH+CO(多量)==2(少量)2NaCO+Ca(OH)=NaOH+SO(少量)===2322NaOH+SO(足量)===NaOH+HS(足量)===22NaOH+HS(少量)===NaOH+HCl===2CO+Ca(OH)(过量)===CO(过量)+Ca(OH)===2222NaO+HCl===NaO+SO===223gCO33Fe(OH)Mg(OH)32Cu(OH)Al(OH)23CaCO+HO+CO=NaOH+CuSO==3224NaOH+FeCl====3§2卤族元素Cl+CuCl+Fe22Cl+NaCl+H222Cl+PPClCl+PClPCl23235Cl+HO=Cl+NaOH===222Cl+Ca(OH)===Cl+FeCl===2222:..+HO+CO==Ca(ClO)+2HO+CO==222()222(多量)Ca(ClO)+HCl==HClO2F+H===F+HO===2222Br+HI+H2222Cl+NaBr===Cl+KI===22HCl+AgNO===Br+KI==32HCl(浓)+MnOHCl+AgNO===23NaBr+AgNO=NaI+AgNO===33AgBrNaSO+HO+Cl==2322HClO+HO+SO=22§3氧族元素H+SNa+S2Fe+SCu+SS+OOO22HOHS222HS+SO==HS+O(少量)2222HS+CuSO=SO+HO2422SO+NaOH=NaSO+HO+SO=22322SO+Ca(OH)=SO+O22222Cl(Br、I类似)+SO+HO=SO+HO=2222232HS+O(足量)(Cl、Br、I、SO都可氧化)222222NaCl+HSO(浓)HSO(浓)+Cu2424HSO(浓)+CNaSO+O=24232FeS+O22NaSO+HSO=2324FeS+HCl=FeS+HSO=24NaSO+HO+Cl==SO(少量)+NH+HO===2322232SO+(NH)SO+HO===即:SO(足量)+NH+HO===24232232§4碳族元素C+O点燃C+O点燃22CO+O点燃C+CuO高温2C+FeO高温CO+CuO加热23:..ONaOH+CO====232NaOH+SO====NaOH+SO====23Ca(OH)+CO====Ca(OH)+SO====2222CO+HO===22C+HOC+CO加热222C+SiOSi+O222F+Si==SiFSi+4HF==SiF↑Si+NaOH+2442HO=2SiO+NaOH===SiO+HF===22CaO+SiOSiO+NaCO2223SiO+CaCONaSiO+HCl=2323NaSiO++HO+CO==2322§5氮族元素NH+HONH·HONH++OH-NH+O3232432NHCl+Ca(OH)42N+MgN+H222N+ONO+O==222NO+HO==NO+O+HO==2222NO+O+HO==HNO2223Cu+HNO(浓)==Cu+HNO(稀)===33C+HNO(浓)==NHCl34NH+HCl==HNO(稀)+Fe(过量)===33HNO(稀)+Fe(不足)===NHHCO343NONONaOH+NHCl2244(NH)SO+NaOHNHNO+NaOH42443Cl+PPClCl+PClPCl23235P+OPO+3HO2252§6几种常见的金属Al+OAl+HCl===2Al+HSO===Al+NaOH+HO==242AlO+HCl==AlO+NaOH==2323Al(OH)+HCl==Al(OH)+NaOH==33Al(OH)(Fe(OH)、Cu(OH)类似)332:..+NH·HO=NaAlO+HCl+HO=33222CO+NaAlO+HO=222NaAlO+AlCl+HO=AlCl+NH·HO===232332Fe+SFe+O2Fe+HOFe+HCl===2Fe+CuCl===FeCl+Fe===23FeCl+Cu===3FeCl+HS()===FeCl+KI===323Fe(OH)FeCl+Cl===322Fe(OH)+HO+O==C+FeO高温22223FeO+HCl===FeO+HSO===232324HSO+FeCl+HO===2332Al+CrOAl+FeO2323Al+MnOMg+CO22HgO2AgO2WO+HAlO2NaCl2Na+Cl32232NaOH+FeCl==3§7其他章节CuSO·5HOCuSO+5HO====4242FeCl+HOCuCl322NaCl+HO2Ba(OH)·8HO+NHCl==224配平有机物主要化学反应方程式(带的暂时不作要求)(浓硫酸作用___________、____________):..*制取聚丙烯_________________________________________________________________________********(分子间、分子内)______________________________________________________****-丙醇___________________________________________________________________*:..(用饱和碳酸钠溶液收集)_____________________________________________*:14Na+O===2NaO2NaO+O2NaO2222224Na+2O2NaO2Na+S===NaS(爆炸)22222Na+2HO===2NaOH+HNaO+HO===2NaOH22222NaO+2HO===4NaOH+O↑2222(此反应分两步:NaO+2HO===2NaOH+HO;2HO===2HO+O.)222222222NaO+CO===NaCO2NaO+2CO===2NaCO+O2223222232NaCO+HCl===NaHCO+NaClNaHCO+HCl===NaCl+HO+CO↑233322NaCO+2HCl===2NaCl+HO+CO↑2NaHCONaCO+HO+CO↑2322323224Li+O2LiO2K+2HO===2KOH+H↑2222NaHCO+NaOH==NaCO+HONaCO+HO+CO=2NaHCO3232232232NaOH+CO==NaCO+HONaOH+CO(多量)==NaHCO2(少量)23223NaCO+Ca(OH)=CaCO↓+2NaOH2NaOH+SO(少量)===NaSO+HO23232232NaOH+SO(足量)===NaHSONaOH+HS(足量)===NaHS+HO23222NaOH+HS(少量)===NaS+2HONaOH+HCl===NaCl+HO2222:..+Ca(OH)()===CaCOO2CO(过量)+Ca(OH)===Ca(HCO)22322232NaO+2HCl===2NaCl+HONaO+SO===NaSO222324CaCOCaO+CO↑gO+CO↑32322Fe(OH)FeO+3HOMg(OH)MgO+HO323222Cu(OH)CuO+HO2Al(OH)AlO+3HO223232CaCO+HO+CO=Ca(HCO)2NaOH+CuSO==Cu(OH)↓+NaSO3223242243NaOH+FeCl====Fe(OH)↓+3NaCl33§2卤族元素Cl+CuCuCl3Cl+2Fe2FeCl2223Cl+2Na2NaClCl+H2HCl2223Cl+2P2PClCl+PClPCl23235Cl+HO==HCl+HClOCl+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+HO22222Cl+2Ca(OH)===CaCl+Ca(ClO)+2HOCl+2FeCl===2FeCl22222223Ca(ClO)+HO+CO==CaCO↓+2HClO222(少量)3Ca(ClO)+2HO+2CO==Ca(HCO)↓+2HClO222(多量)32Ca(ClO)+2HCl==CaCl+2HClO(强酸制弱酸)2HClO2HCl+O↑222F+H===2HF2F+2HO===4HF+O22222Br+H===2HBr(500oC)I+H2HI22222Cl+2NaBr===2NaCl+BrCl+2KI===2KCl+I2222HCl+AgNO===AgCl↓+HNOBr+2KI===2KBr+I33224HCl(浓)+MnOMnCl+Cl↑+2HO2222HCl+AgNO===AgCl↓+HNOHCl+AgNO=AgCl↓(白色)+HNO3333NaBr+AgNO=AgBr↓(浅黄色)+NaNONaI+AgNO===AgI↓(黄色)+NaNO33332AgBr2Ag+Br(AgCl、AgI类似)NaSO+HO+Cl==NaSO+2HCl2232224HClO+HO+SO=HSO+HCl2224§3氧族元素H+SHS2Na+SNaS222Fe+SFeS2Cu+SCuS2S+OSO3O2O22232O3O2HO2HO+O↑322222:..SH+S222HS+SOO2HS+O2HO+2S222222HS+CuSO=CuS↓+HSOSO+HOHSO24242223SO+2NaOH=NaSO+HONaSO+HO+SO=2NaHSO223223223SO+Ca(OH)=CaSO↓+HOSO+O2SO2232223Cl+SO+2HO=HSO+2HCl(Br、I类似)2222422SO+HO=HSO32242HS+3O(足量)2HO+2SO(Cl、Br、I、SO都可氧化)222222222NaCl+HSO(浓)NaSO+2HCl24242HSO(浓)+CuCuSO+2HO+SO↑244222HSO(浓)+CCO↑+2HO+2SO↑242222NaSO+O=2NaSO4FeS+11O2FeO+8SO2322422232NaSO+HSO=NaSO+SO?+HO23242422FeS+2HCl=HS↑+FeClFeS+HSO=HS↑+FeSO222424NaSO+HO+Cl==NaSO+2HClSO(少量)+2NH+HO===(NH)SO232224232423SO+(NH)SO+HO===2NHHSO即:SO(足量)+NH+HO===NHHSO242324323243§4碳族元素C+O点燃CO2C+O点燃2CO2222CO+O点燃2COC+2CuO高温2Cu+CO↑2223C+2FeO高温4Fe+3CO↑CO+CuO加热Cu+CO23223CO+FeO高温2Fe+3CO2NaOH+CO====NaCO+HO23222322NaOH+SO====NaSO+HO2NaOH+SO====NaSO+HO22323242Ca(OH)+CO====CaCO↓+HOCa(OH)+SO====CaSO↓+HO22322232CO+HO===HCO2223C+HOCO+H(生成水煤气)C+CO加热2CO2222C+SiO2CO↑+SiSi+OSiO2222F+Si==SiFSi+4HF==SiF↑+2H↑Si+2NaOH+2442HO=NaSiO+2H↑2232SiO+2NaOH===NaSiO+HOSiO+4HF===SiF+2HO2232242CaO+SiOCaSiOSiO+NaCONaSiO+CO23223232SiO+CaCOCaSiO+CO↑NaSiO+2HCl==2NaCl+HSiO↓23322323NaSiO++HO+CO==NaCO+HSiO↓23222323§5氮族元素NH+HONH·HONH++OH-4NH+5O4NO+6HO32324322:..Cl+Ca(OH)CaCl+2NH+2HO42232N+3MgMgNN+HNH232223N+O2NO2NO+O==2NO22223NO+HO==2HNO+NO4NO+3O+2HO==4HNO2232234NO+O+2HO==4HNO4HNO4NO↑+O↑+2HO22233222Cu+4HNO()==Cu(NO)+2NO↑+2HO332223Cu+8HNO(稀)===3Cu(NO)+2NO↑+4HO3322C+4HNO(浓)==CO↑+4NO↑+2HONHClNH+HCl322243NH+HCl==NHCl(白烟)348HNO(稀)+3Fe(过量)===3Fe(NO)+2NO↑+4HO33224HNO(稀)+Fe(不足)===Fe(NO)+NO↑+2HO3332NHHCONH↑+HO+CO↑2NONO43322224NaOH+NHClNaCl+NH↑+HO432(NH)SO+2NaOHNaSO+2NH↑+2HO4242432NHNO+NaOHNaNO+NH↑+HO433323Cl+2P2PClCl+PClPCl232354P+5OPOPO+3HOHPO22525234§6几种常见的金属4Al+3O2AlO2Al+6HCl===2AlCl+3H↑223322Al+3HSO===Al(SO)+3H↑2Al+2NaOH+2HO==2NaAlO+3H↑242432222AlO+6HCl==2AlCl+3HOAlO+2NaOH==2NaAlO+HO23322322Al(OH)+3HCl==AlCl+3HOAl(OH)+NaOH==NaAlO+2HO3323222Al(OH)AlO+3HO(Fe(OH)、Cu(OH)类似)323232AlCl+3NH·HO=Al(OH)↓+3NHClNaAlO+HCl+HO=NaCl+Al(OH)↓33234223CO+2NaAlO+3HO=2Al(OH)↓+NaCO2223233NaAlO+AlCl+6HO=4Al(OH)↓+3NaCl2323AlCl+3NH·HO===Al(OH)↓+3NHCl33234Fe+SFeS3Fe+2OFeO3Fe+2344HOFeO+4H↑Fe+2HCl===FeCl+H↑234222Fe+CuCl===FeCl+Cu2FeCl+Fe===3FeCl22322FeCl+Cu===2FeCl+CuCl(用于雕刻铜线路版)3222FeCl+HS(少量)===2FeCl+2HCl+S↓2FeCl+2KI===2FeCl+2KCl+I↓3223222Fe(OH)FeO+3HO2FeCl+Cl===2FeCl3232223:..+2HO+O==4Fe(OH)3C+2FeO4Fe+3CO2223232FeO+6HCl===2FeCl+3HOFeO+3HSO===Fe(SO)+3HO233223242432HSO+2FeCl+HO===HSO+2FeCl+2HCl23322422Al+CrOAlO+2Cr2Al+FeOAlO+2Fe232323234Al+3MnO2AlO+3Mn2Mg+CO2MgO+C22322HgO2Hg+O2AgO4Ag+O222WO+3HW+3HO2AlO4Al+3O↑3222322NaCl2Na+Cl↑3NaOH+FeCl==Fe(OH)↓+3NaCl233§7其他章节CuSO·5HOCuSO+5HO↑CuSO+5HO====CuSO·5HO42424242FeCl+3HOFe(OH)(胶体)+3HClCuClCu+Cl↑323222NaCl+2HOH+Cl↑+2NaOH222Ba(OH)·8HO+2NHCl==BaCl+2NH↑+10HO(吸热反应)224232有机物主要化学反应方程式复****甲烷与***气CH+ClCHCl+HClCHCl+ClCHCl+HCl4233222CHCl+ClCHCl+HClCHCl+l+(浓硫酸作催化剂,脱水剂)CHCHOHHO+CH=CH↑=CH+=CH+=CH+、聚丙烯催化剂催化剂nCH=CHCH-CHnCHCH=CHCH-+2HOCa(OH)+HCCH↑***乙烯:..催化剂HC≡CH+HCl+HClHC=CHClnHC=CHClCH-CH△+BrBr++HNO24—NO+HO32255-60℃+3H2△|CH3NO浓硫酸ON––22+3HONO2△+3HO|+NaOH2CHCHOH++NaOH醇CH=CH+NaBr+HO32222△+2Na2CHCHONa+H↑+OCu2CHCHO+2HO32232△(分子间、分子内)CHCHOHHO+CH=CH↑322222CHCHOH浓HSOHO+CHCHOCHCH322423223140℃—OH—ONa+NaOH+—ONa+CO+HO—OH+:OHOH||Br––––Br+3Br↓+3HBr2|-丙醇Br催化剂CHCHCHO+HCHCHCHOH322△:..CHO+O2CHCOOH32△+2[Ag(NH)]OHHO+2Ag↓+3NH+CHCOONH3322334甲醛的银镜反应HCHO+4[Ag(NH)]OH2HO+4Ag↓+6NH+(NH)+2Cu(OH)CuO↓+2HO+CHCOOH3222325.*乙酸与氢氧化铜悬浊液2CHCOOH+Cu(OH)=(CHCOO)Cu+(用饱和碳酸钠溶液收集)浓硫酸CHCOOH+CHCHOH△CHCOOCH+(CHOH)CHO+2[Ag(NH)]OHHO+2Ag↓+3NH+CHOH(CHOH)+HOCHO+CHO1222**********+HO2CHO**********(CHO)n+─CH17352CHOH2CHCOO─CH|1735+3NaOH3CHCOONa+CH–OH1735C17H35COO─CH2|CH–OH2