文档介绍：该【公路工程质量控制要点及质量通病防治手册 】是由【青山代下】上传分享，文档一共【146】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【公路工程质量控制要点及质量通病防治手册 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..目录第一部分工程质量控制要点····························································-1-第一章路基工程···············································································-1-············································-1-········································-2-···············································-5-······································-6-····································-7-·············································-13-··································-17-·····················································-19-·····················································-20-···············································-21-·····································-22-、支挡防护工程施工质量控制要点························-24-································-24-·····································-26-·································-31-第二章路面工程···········································································-36-、底基层施工质量控制要点······························-36-·············································-36-··········································-39-:..··················································-41-第三章桥梁工程···········································································-48-··········································-48-··········································-52-·············································-54-、安装施工质量控制要点··························-55-······························-62-··············································-63-第四章交通安全设施工程····························································-66-······································-66-······································-66-······································-66-··························-67-·················································-68-(预留)基础施工质量控制要点·-68-第五章环保绿化工程···································································-70-··································-70-、互通区和管养区绿化施工质量控制要点···-70-·············································-70-·····················································-71-第六章房建工程···········································································-72-:..·············································-72-·············································-72-·············································-74-·············································-74-··········································-76-第二部分工程质量通病及防治措施··············································-77-第一章路基工程·············································································-77-·················································-77-·········································································-77-······························································-78-······································-79-、边坡的质量通病及防治··········································-83-、排水沟质量通病及防治··········································-85-···································-86-第二章路面工程·············································································-88-、底基层质量通病及防治措施··························-88-··································-91-·························-104-第三章桥梁的质量通病及防治····················································-106-····························-106-········································-113-···········································-140-:..·····················-142-:..、在放样时要注意路段内是否有超高或加宽路段被遗漏,原地面清表整平、压实后,应复核几何尺寸;2、做好原地面清表后土质的压实度试验,严格控制清表后原地面压实度,路堤基底应在填筑前进行压实,基底压实度不应小于90%;当路堤填土高度小于路床厚度(120cm)时,基底的压实度不小于路床的压实度标准。路基压实要求采用重型击实标准,路基填料最小强度、最大粒径及压实度应符合表1-1的规定。路基填料强度、压实度要求表1-1路床顶面以填料最小填料最大粒填挖类型压实度(%)下深度(cm)强度径(cm)填上路床0~30810≥96方下路床30~510≥96路上路堤120~415≥94基下路堤>190315≥93零填及路堑路床0~120810≥96①除满足上表最低要求外,尚应满足设计图纸中注明的特殊要求。②路基压实度采用重型压实标准,按分层压实原则实施。3、在清表前尽量降低地下水位,做好隔离层,填方路堤基底视地形、土质、地下水位、填方边坡高度等不同进行相应处理。当发现软(弱)土试验或施工过程中影响设计的各种因素发生变化时,须补-1-:..充勘探、试验,并对原设计进行优化。土方路堤,必须根据设计断面,分层填筑,分层压实,用透水性不良的土填筑路堤时,应控制其含水量在最佳压实含水量±2%之内。采用机械压实时,分层的最大松铺厚度不应超过30cm,填筑至路床顶面最后一层的最小压实厚度不应小于10cm。、选择150~200m长度有代表性的地段,进行路堤填筑工艺试验,通过试验,确定包括机械组合方式、行进速度、压实遍数、填料最佳含水量、松铺厚度、粒径及检测方法等各项工艺技术参数,为全面施工提供依据。2、路基填方施工中,首先应选用合格填料,采用按横断面全宽纵向水平分层填筑。路堤分层填筑施工时,采用网格布土,推土机粗平,平地机精平,压路机组合碾压;严格控制松铺厚度,把好“五度”即平整度、路拱度、厚度、宽度和压实度,每填筑3层恢复一次中线;外观做到表面平整、边线顺直,边坡坡面不亏坡,曲线圆滑。3、当地面横坡或沿路线纵向坡度陡于1:5时,填路基前应将原地面挖成宽度不小于2m,向内倾斜4%的台阶;当地面横坡陡于1:,本项目设计已对路堤进行整体滑动的稳定性验算,根据设计要求进行支挡或加筋处理。4、一般填方路堤当填方边坡高度H≤,其边坡坡率采用1:;<H≤,其边坡采用1:,中间不设平台。<H≤,上部边坡-2-:..:,下部边坡采用1:,。5、地基表层为松散土层(旱地等),厚度不超过30cm时,可清除杂草后碾压至90%;当松散层厚度大于30cm时,应将其翻开、分层压实至90%,平均填前夯实下沉按10cm计。6、水田、堰塘地段,应视其具体情况采用排水清淤或晾晒压实。若水塘还保留一部分,则应按浸水路堤的要求修筑。7、控制层厚的同时,应特别注意不同压实区(93区、94区、96区)的分界面的质量控制;注意不同取土场及同一取土坑不同深度范围内的最大干密度和最佳含水量的变化。8、如在路堤范围内修筑便道或引道时,该便道或引道不得作为路堤填筑的部分,应重新填筑成符合规定要求的新路堤;连接结构物的路堤工程,其施工方法不应危害结构物的安全与稳定。-3-:..土方路基工程施工工序检查、质量控制要点框架图-4-:..、填石路堤所用的石料使用前应进行鉴别和试验,膨胀性岩石、易溶性岩石、崩解性岩石和盐化岩石等均不应用于路堤填筑,路堤填料粒径应不大于500mm,并不宜超过层厚的2/3,超限石块应进行人工或机械破碎,填石路堤均应分层填筑;根据试验段确定分层填筑厚度,用于路床的填料最大粒径不超过10cm,所有缝隙用小石块或石屑嵌挤紧密;边坡要按照规范要求予以码砌。2、填石料顶面应无明显孔隙、空洞,在填筑其它填料前,填石路堤最后一层的铺筑厚度不大于400mm,过渡层碎石料粒径应小于150mm,基中小于5mm的细料料含量不应小于30%。过渡层底部为防止细骨料下渗流失设置一层高强土工编织布,填石路堤质量控制要求见表1-3。填石路堤质量控制表1-3路面地面以下摊铺厚度最大粒径空隙率填石类型路堤分区深度(m)(mm)(mm)(%)小于层厚上路堤120~190cm≤400≤22中硬岩石2/330~60MPa小于层厚下路堤>190cm≤500≤242/33、填石路基碾压时要先低后高、先两侧后中央,个别不平处应配合人工找平。填石路堤的压实机械宜选用自重不小于18t的振动压路机进行分层碾压,根据试验路段压实试验确定压实遍数。压实过程出现缝隙时要随时用小石块或石屑填满,直到激振力作用下表面平-5-:..4、填石路堤边坡坡率同一般土质、土石混填路堤,填石路堤的边部100~200cm范围内采用不易风化的块石码砌,块石强度应大于30MPa,块石的最小边长度不小于30cm,每一级的平台顶部30cm厚度内灌M5砂浆,边坡表面码砌成宽30cm左右的台阶。为方便施工,连续一段以内边部码砌厚度按最高断面进行控制。、残坡积碎石土、开山石渣均为土石混合填料,可按《路基设计规范》(JTGD30-2015)中的填筑要求办理,分层填筑、采用重型机械分层碾压密实,上路堤不大于30cm、下路堤不大于40cm,其压实度标准及填料强度要求见上表1-1。2、土石路堤所采用的天然土石混合料中所含石料强度大于15Mpa时,石块的最大粒径不得超过压实厚度的2/3,超过的应解小或清除;当所含石料为软质岩(强度小于15Mpa)时,石料最大粒径不得超过压实厚度,超过的应打碎。3、土石混填路堤不得采用倾填方法,均应分层填筑,分层压实。每层铺筑厚度应根据压实机械类型和规格确定,上路堤不大于30cm、下路堤不大于40cm。压实后渗水性差异较大的土石混合料应分层或分段填筑,不宜纵向分幅填筑。如确需纵向分幅填筑,应将压实后渗水良好的土石混合料填筑于路堤两侧。当土石混合料来自不同的路段,其岩性或土石混合料比相差较大时,应分层或分段填筑。土石混合填料中,当石料含量超过70%时,应先铺填大块石料,且大面向下,放:..量小于70%时,土石可混合铺填,但应避免硬质石块(特别是尺寸大的硬质石块)集中。土石路堤路床顶面以下路床范围内应填筑符合路床要求的土分层压实,填料最大粒径不大于10cm。4、土石混填路堤的施工质量不易控制,完工后容易出现基顶开裂、沉陷甚至路面破坏等问题。无论路堤高低,均不允许采用倾填方式填筑,必须严格控制松铺厚度及压实质量。、高填方路堤①、根据以往施工经验,高填方路堤工后路基易出现较大沉降变形,进而造成的路面纵、横向开裂等问题,归根结底是路基压实度不足造成的。鉴于我国公路施工的现状和路基土工体的复杂性,以及高填方地段自然沉降和差异沉降大的特点,本设计对高填方地段施工,在按分层填筑、分层压实的基础上,采用冲击碾压或液压式压路机工艺方法对路基进行补压,即以提高路基的压实度,减少路基的沉降及开裂变形。②、高路堤施工建议先行实施,留出足够的时间对高路堤进行预压。③、对高填路堤段的基底进行严格处理,清除不合格的地表土和淤泥,疏导排干地表水,推土机整平基底,原地面坡度大于1:5的要按要求开挖台阶。采用重型压路机对整平后的基底进行碾压密实,达到要求后再进行路堤填筑。为防止路堤沉降过大,基底处理碾压压:..93%以上。④、根据设计压实度、施工机械和土质情况,严格控制填筑厚度,确保压实度达到设计要求。同时安排专职测量人员每天进行高填路堤的宽度和高程的测量及放样,防止路堤边坡欠填。路堤的加宽和预留沉降加高量,严格按设计要求设置。⑤、高填土地段应严格控制填土速度,路堤填筑时,派专人对路堤填筑高度和沉降量进行观测并作好记录。若观测到沉降量在中心处大于3cm、,则停止填筑,待沉降稳定后再行填筑。监测频率表表1-5预压期阶段预压期预压期运营期填筑期第3月~上路观测项目第1个月第1~3个月前2年面路堤沉降每天1~2次隔天1次1次/7d1次/15d1次/3个月地表土沉降每天1~2次隔天1次1次/7d1次/15d1次/3个月及水平位移深层土水平位移每天1~2次隔天1次1次/7d1次/15d1次/3个月孔隙水压力每天1~2次隔天1次1次/7d1次/15d1次/3个月2、高填方路堤补强①、高路堤采用分层填筑,分层夯实,填料优先选用强、中风化岩石方。另外为保证高路堤的压实度,对于连续长度大于100m路段的高填方路基,采用冲击碾压补强处理,冲击碾压从路床设计标高下30cm起算,,采用双轮三边形自行式冲:..25kJ),按错轮而不重叠轮迹的方式碾压,路床范围内冲击碾压不小于20遍,路堤范围内冲击碾压20遍,最后一次冲压后的沉降量不宜大于30mm,否则应调整冲压遍数。冲击补强过程中应注意与构造物及土工合成材料保持一定的安全距离,其余未尽事宜,请参照交通部公路科学研究院主编的《公路冲击碾压应用技术指南》(2006年)执行。连续长度小于100m的路堤,采用强夯补强处理,强夯从路床设计标高下30cm起算,,强夯夯击能1000kN×m,夯锤重10t,落距10m;按最后连续两击的总沉降不大于100mm,沉降差不宜大于50mm作为终夯标准;当有构造物时,应距构造物水平距离30米外或构造物顶面标高以上8米开始强夯;每遍夯击完后均以推土机推平。②、为保证高路堤的路基稳定性和减少不均匀沉降,,以保证路面结构长期稳定。有台阶时土工格栅用U型钉固定在台阶上,搭界宽度30cm,否则,自由段应反折200cm以利锚固,反折后最外端距离边坡1m。③、此外,为了检测高填路堤路段在施工过程中及施工结束后有可能存在的安全隐患,做到发现问题,尽早解决,确保路基稳定,沿线高(陡)填方路堤、高挡土墙(墙高大于12m者)段必须按要求进行沉降及位移观测。A、冲击碾压施工要点一般的冲击碾压设备多为三边形冲击压实机,以CYZ25为例:,,往返一次冲击压实宽度4m。采用冲击碾压:..每行驶二次为一遍,每单双两遍为一冲击单元。施工前首先清理、平整场地,放线确定冲压补压范围,并进行第一遍第一次冲击,完毕进行第一遍第二次冲击时,单轮从第一次冲压轮正中通过。由于轮内边距大于轮宽,在进行第一遍第二次冲击时,,故进行第二遍第一次冲击时,,以覆盖第一遍的冲压间隙,第三遍则又回复到第一遍的位置冲压,直至达到最终的设计遍数。B、现场质量控制要求:①、对采用冲击碾压的段落,施工前施工单位应编制详细的技术保证措施报监理处审批。②、当路基段落准备进行冲击碾压时,由施工单位通知监理、业主现场配合组进行现场质量监控,全过程旁站,并对碾压遍数、行驶速度等进行记录。③、进行冲击碾压前的压实度应达到该区域压实度要求;冲击碾压前必须设置沉降观测点,观测点长度按30m为一断面,每一个断面分左、中、右设置3个测点,测点采用A20圆钢埋深不少于50cm,测点顶与路基压实面水平一致,并对压实面进行洒水一遍。④、冲击碾压以设计要求的每行驶二次为一遍,自碾压10遍后,采用水准仪每5遍进行高程测量一次,且冲压20遍后,对压实度进行检测。⑤、冲击碾压前要对路基边坡上危石进行清除,确保安全。3、陡坡路堤与填挖交接处路基处理:..1:、地面纵坡陡于1:,为加强路堤的稳定性及避免差异沉降的产生,按设计要求进行超挖,并采用土工格栅加筋处理。对于半填半挖路基,为了减小路基横向的不均匀沉降,,。对于填方路基部分,当地面坡度陡于1:5时,其基底采取挖台阶措施,,并在台阶底部挖成向内倾4%的反坡。对于纵向填挖交界,,。②、对于存在有地下水的填挖交界段,为了减小地下水对路基的破坏,在填挖交界处设置横向渗沟,横向一般每隔30设置一道,并与挖方路段纵向渗沟连接共同排除地下水。③、挖方路基部分在路槽下超挖后再回填并根据填土高度铺设土工格栅,土工格栅铺设三层并分层压实;第一层铺设在路床底部,其上每45cm铺设一层,最上一层距路床顶面30cm。当地面线距坡面长度不足6米时,应扩宽台阶开挖宽度,直至台阶距坡面长度不小于8米。开挖台阶上的土工格栅采用U型铁钉锚固。④、地面坡度陡于1:,设计中结合地形、地质、边坡高度等进行综合考虑,并进行了路堤稳定性分析,因地制宜地设置了反压护道或护肩、护脚和挡土墙等支挡工程,以保证路基稳定。a、斜坡上的填方路堤,在填筑前必须一律清除原坡面植物根茎,:..开挖宽度不小于2米的内倾台阶。b、横坡较陡,坡面延伸过长时,设置护肩、护脚和挡土墙等支挡工程收缩坡脚,避免出现薄条形填方路基,同时节约用地。c、斜坡路堤内侧,重视对坡面水的拦截和排出。斜坡路堤的填筑必须严格按施工技术规范要求进行。d、根据陡坡路堤地质条件进行稳定性分析计算,若斜坡稳定性存在问题,则应采取反压护道,抗滑挡墙(或抗滑桩板墙)等工程措施处理。4、土工格栅处治层①、开挖基床:基床开挖尺寸不小于设计要求,同时做好基床的防水、排水措施,基床表面应整平,表面局部允许高差不大于10cm。②、铺土工格栅:土工格栅的纵轴向应与主要受力方向(横向半填半挖时即路堤横断面方向)一致,搭接长度为30cm,用铁丝绑扎连接。土工格栅应采用A8钢筋弯制成U型锚钉锚固牢固,锚钉间距为1米,锚固长度不小于65cm,。铺设好的格栅应采用人工拉紧,保证平顺无褶皱。③、回填土料:铺出的土工格栅应及时回填覆盖,防止日晒老化。采用级配较好的石渣、碎石土,禁止各种机械在没有填筑的土工格栅上通行作业。填土顺序应先填土工格栅两端,并形成纵向站台或通道,然后依次扩大。④、回填料的找平:回填土料的表面应用机械或人工找平,局部高差不大于5cm;铺设土工合成材料的土层表面应平整,表面严禁有-12-:..碎、块石等坚硬凸出物;在距土工合成材料层8cm以内的路堤填料其最大粒径不得大于6cm。⑤、回填料的碾压:回填料的碾压顺序先由两端向路中心线碾压,严禁出现反向顺序,压路机应顺路堤纵向行驶,严禁出现横向行驶碾压。⑥、铺设第二层土工格栅:上下层的搭接缝错开50cm,并用第一层土工格栅进行反包,与第二层土工格栅形成整体。、挖除换填、抛石挤淤施工软土层较浅的将原路基一定深度和范围内的淤泥挖除,换填符合规定要求的材料。换填时,应分层铺筑,逐层压实,使之达到规定的压实度。抛石挤淤:当软土地层平坦时,从路堤中心成等腰三角形向前抛填,渐次向两侧对称地抛填至全宽,使泥沼或软土向两侧挤出。当软土地层横坡陡于1:10时应自高侧向低侧抛投,并在低侧边部多抛填,并在低侧坡脚外一定宽度内同时抛填形成片石平台,待片石抛出软土面或抛出水面后,应用较小石块填塞垫平,并碾压密实。2、砂砾垫层按图纸或监理工程师的要求,在清理的基底上分层铺筑符合要求的砂砾垫层,分层铺筑松厚不得超过200mm,并逐层压实至规定的压实度。压实的方法应根据地基情况而选择振动法(平振、插振、夯实等)、水撼法、碾压法等。若采用碾压法施工时,应控制最佳含水量。-13-:..-,且无明显的粗细料分离现象。两侧端以片石护砌,以免砂砾流失。填筑砂砾垫层的基面和层面铺有土工布时,在砂砾垫层上下各厚100mm层次中不得使用轧制的粒料,以免含有裂口的碎砾石损伤土工布。施工中应避免砂砾受到污染。3、碎石桩认真仔细地记录试验桩的贯入时间和深度、冲水量和水压、压入的碎石量和电流的变化等,以确定桩体在密实状态下的各项指标,以此作为设置碎石桩的控制指标。施工时碎石应分批加入。每次加料量一般为1m堆高的填料。经常抽查沉管时间和各段填料量、提升和挤压时间,每根桩的填料总量必须符合设计要求和施工规范的规定。碎石桩设置完毕后,其顶部应按设计要求铺设碎石或砂垫层。在整个施工过程中,应保证碎石料不被周围土体污染。4、浆喷桩钻机的技术性能和指标应满足设计与施工要求;,一般每米桩长水泥掺入量不得小于55公斤,施工前宜做配合比试验确定水泥掺入量。浆喷桩施工前应进行成桩试验每个处理路段工艺性成桩试验的根数不少于5根。室内水泥土试验数量不少于5组。以上成桩试验成果应及时反馈给设计单位,所有资料应完整保留。桩身强度室内配合比设计要求:28d无侧限抗压强度qu≥;90d无侧限抗压强度qu≥。现场质量检测:28d取芯强度R28≥,90d取芯强度R90≥,单桩承载力>210KN,复合地基承载力>160KPa。如室内-14-:..或现场90d龄期的强度检测困难,可采用按强度规律推测,或采用高温养生的方法实测。施工工艺:采用喷浆法施工,四喷四搅成桩,下沉、,每根桩的正常成桩时间不小于40min,。施工前应确定搅拌机械的压浆泵的输出量、浆液经