文档介绍：该【2024年专八英语考试阅读辅导题 】是由【mama1】上传分享，文档一共【17】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【2024年专八英语考试阅读辅导题 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。2024年专八英语考试阅读辅导题专八英语考试阅读辅导题1 TheRelationshipbetweenBrainProcesswithMentalExperience By1950,,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience. Neartheturnofthecentury,ithadbeensuggestedbyHeringthatdifferentmodesofsensation,suchaspain,tasteandcolor,mightbecorrelatedwiththedischargeofspecifickindsofnervousenergy,However,;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingview,namely,moncurrency”,itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,but,rather,thedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationfromtheauditorycortex,,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasforaspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences. However,corticalasdiverseasthoseofred,black,greenandwhite,ortouch,cold,warmth,movement,pain,:,Braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetweenmentalexperienceandtheactivityofrelativelyhomogenousnerve-. ,effortstoestablishthatbrainprocessesandmentalexperiencearerelatedwouldmostlikelyhavebeenmetwith [A]vexation[B]irritability[C]discouragement[D]neutrality ”primarilyinordertoemphasizethe [A]lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulsesinhumanbeings. [B]similaritiesintheviewsofthescientists. [C]similarityofsensationsofhumanbeings. [D]continuouspassageofnerveimpulsesthroughthenervoussystem. —19? [A]Cognitiveexperiencemanifestedbysensorynerveimpulsesareinfluencedbytheareaofthebrainstimulated. [B]urately. [C]Sensorystimuliareheterogeneousandaregreatlyinfluencedbythenervesensorstheyproduce. [D]Differentiationinneuralmodalitiesinfluencesthelengthofnervetransmissions. ? [A]Nervecells.[B]Nerveimpulses. [C]Corticalareas.[C]Spatialpatternsofnerveimpulses. 答案详解: 。答案见文章的第一句话“到了1950年,大脑活动过程和精神感受有关系的实验结果看起来令人沮丧。” 。。。均不对。 (差别)。Commoncurrency本义是一般通用。这里的上下问决定了它的含义“无变异脉冲(普通脉冲)”。第二段“虽然神经能量中的质变理论从没有受到严厉的驳斥,但这一学说被普遍放弃,而赞成其对立的观点;那就是:神经脉冲在质量沙锅内基本相似,并作为无变异脉冲(普通脉冲)经神经系统传送。”所以普通脉冲就是指神经脉冲无变异,在质量上基本相似。 。。。moncurrency无关。 。在第二道题译文下面“根据这一理论,不是感觉神经脉冲的质量决定它们所产生的各种有意识的感觉。而是由脉冲在大脑中释放的不同部位决定,并且有证据证明这一论点。”见难句译注3 。,并深受它们所产生的神经感觉(感受器)的影响。。 。这在第2题答案A中译注(即第二段)已有明确的答复。“神经脉冲在质量上基本相似……。” 。见难句译注2,“有可能用其他办法来显示神经细胞类型之间细微的结构差异。”(部位)。。见难句译注5和本文最后一句“为了和精神感受多样性吻合,心理学家只能指明神经脉冲时空模式上的无限差异。”这说明,它不是“Leastqualitativevariation.” 难句译注: ,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience. [结构分析]句型为such…as可as具有关系代词作用,此处作从句中hadbeendemonstrated的主语。 [参考译文]神经细胞中所显示的诸如在尺寸,形状,化学,神经脉冲中传导速度,激发界限等方面的那种变化差异对多方面的精神感受可能有联系来说仍然意义不大。 ;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits. [参考译文]有可能用其他办法来显示神经类型之间细微的结构差异。可是,缺乏证据证实脉冲的或者其脉冲传导的质量受这些差别的影响。相反,这种质量看起来它却影响了中枢神经循环的进展模式。 ,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationfromtheauditorycortex,andsoon. [结构分析]主从句。后面跟解释性同位语:thatis……。 [参考译文]在一个实验中,当电刺激作用于有意识的人体大脑皮层的某个感觉部位,它对这个特定部位产生一种恰如其分的感觉道,也就是说,视觉来自视觉皮层,听觉来自听皮层,以此类推。 ,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasforaspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences. [参考译文]其他实验揭示了神经细胞在尺寸,数目,排列和相互联结上的细微变化。可是,就精神神经相互关系而论,这些感觉部位相互之间明显的相似性似乎比任何细微差异更为明显多。 ,Braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetweenmentalexperienceandtheactivityofrelativelyhomogenousnerve-cellunitsconductingessentiallyhomogeneousimpulsesthroughhomogeneouscerebraltissue. [参考译文]总之,大脑理论说明精神感觉和相对相似的神经细胞单位的活动有关系。这种活动通过相似的大脑皮层组织传导的基本相似的脉冲。 专八英语考试阅读辅导题2 essfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,ess,makingadecision,,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,workofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking. ,however,;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness. Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers',,,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-,ofteninanAha!,,,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.