文档介绍：英语代词的用法全归纳
一、定义与分类
代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。综观历年高考情况,在这九类代词中,不定代词一直是高考英语的重点。
二:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词用法概述
这三种代词都有人称(一、二、三人称)的变化、数(单、复数)的变化,以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)的变化。其中,人称代词除了这三种变化外,还有格(主格、宾格)的变化。
物主代词又包括两种形式:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意:形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。
这三种代词的形式变化表如下:
人称
单复数
主格
宾格
形容词性
物主代词
名词性
物主代词
反身代词
第一
人称
单数
I
me
my
mine
myself
复数
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
第二
人称
单数
you
you
your
yours
yourself
复数
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
第三
人称
单数
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
itself
复数
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
三、人称代词的用法
1) 定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)与被指代的名词一致。
如:I am a student. Tom is a boy, and he is a student.
Mary is very pretty, and she likes singing.
The boys are students, and they are in the room.
The doy is small. It is Tom's.
人称代词的句法功能
人称代词有主格和宾语之分:主格用作主语,宾格用作宾语。
B) 人称代词的主格形式在在句中作主语和表语。
如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher.(主语)
She and I are good friends(主语).
Neither she nor I am student.
——I saw the boys this morning.
——Are you sure it was they(表语)?
It might have been she.
C) 人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语,或者介词的宾语。
如:I saw him at the party(宾语).
I haven't seen them recently.(宾语)
I bought a book for them.(作介词宾语)
=I bought them a book.(间接宾语)
☆注意:
,人称代词的主格形式作表语时,常常可以用宾格替换。
如:It can't be he/him.
——Is this Mr. Green?
——Yes, this is he/him.
b. 在口语中,当人称代词用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时,用主格(较正式)和宾格(较口语化)均可以。
如:He sings better than I/me. 他比我唱得好。
You know more than she/her.
She is as tall as me(I am).
三、物主代词的用法
1)定义:
物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语,相当于一个形容词,不能单独使用;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,相当于一个名词词组,可以单独使用,在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如:
Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.(形容词性物主代词)
My sister lost her bicycle.
Is that coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词)
2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能
a. 作主语
如: May I use your pen? Yours works better.
b. 作宾语
如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样