文档介绍：LNG Shipping
October 2006
Hauke L. Kite-Powell
Outline
• LNG shipping in context
• shipping demand and supply
– trade projections
– fleet development
– implications for fleet utilization
• trends and risks
– charter terms
– short term (“spot”) trades
– structural changes
Natural Gas Consumption
2000
1800
Far East & Oceania
1600
Africa
Middle East
1400
1200
Eastern Europe & FSU
1000
800
Western Europe
million tons/year
600 Central & South America
400
North America
200
0
1990 1995 2000
LNG Consumption
about 6% of world natural gas consumption
120
100
Turkey
80 Belgium
Italy
France
60 Spain
Taiwan
South Korea
million metric tons 40 Japan
USA
20
0
1990 1995 2000
LNG Fraction of Natural
Gas Consumption
1-2%
pipeline
450
USA LNG
400
350
r 300
250
200
million tons/yea 150
92% Asia 27% 4% Europe
100
100% 86% 49% 26% 25%
50
0
USA Japan South Taiwan Spain France Italy Belgium Turkey
Korea
LNG Supply
120
100 Trinidad
USA
Australia
80 Indonesia
Malaysia
Oman
60
Qatar
Abu Dhabi
Brunei
million metric tons 40
Nigeria
Libya
20 Algeria
0
1990 1995 2000
LNG Shipping Demand:
Established Trade Routes
• Pacific basin:
–Arabian Gulf → Japan,
Korea, Taiwan (40%)
–Malaysia → Japan, Korea,
Taiwan
–Indonesia → Japan, Korea,
Taiwan (20%)
–Australia → Japan (10%) Map removed due to copyright restrictions.
–US (Alaska) → Japan
• Atlantic basin:
–Algeria → Europe, US
–Nigeria → Italy, Spain,
France, Turkey (15%)
–Libya → Spain
–Trinidad → Spain, US
The LNG Supply Chain
typical capital cost contribution to cost of
($ billion) delivered LNG
($/million BTU)
gas production 1 - 2 –
liquefaction plant 2 - 3 –
LNG shipping 1 - 2 –
receiving & - 1 –
regasification terminal
total 4 - 8 –
US Gas Price and LNG
Cost
7
6
U
5
4
3
LNG cost band