文档介绍：Springer Geography
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Shinsuke Kato l Kyosuke Hiyama
Editors
Ventilating Cities
Air-flow Criteria for Healthy
fortable Urban Living
Editors
Shinsuke Kato Kyosuke Hiyama
Institute of Industrial Science Institute of Industrial Science
The University of Tokyo The University of Tokyo
4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku
Tokyo 1538505, Japan Tokyo 1538505, Japan
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ISBN 978-94-007-2770-0 e-ISBN 978-94-007-2771-7
DOI -94-007-2771-7
Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York
Library of Congress Control Number: 2011943356
# Springer ScienceþBusiness Media . 2012
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Preface
Most of the population on the earth lives in urban areas. Blocks of buildings in
urban areas form windbreaks and reduce wind pared with bare regions.
Thus, most of the people in the world live in environments with artificially
weakened wind. In their living environments, anthropogenic heat and contaminant
is also generated with certain extent by human activities. During the summer, dense
urban areas thereby suffer from the urban heat island phenomenon, an urban
climate problem.
Wind is a stochastic phenomenon that is mainly driven by atmospheric Rossby
waves. The direction of wind varies with passing high or low atmospheric pressure
fronts, and the wind stream is not steady, with up and down streams changing
frequently. Few books consider the environmental conce