文档介绍：Philosophy of Language and Beyond
语言哲学课
之后的思考
刘润清(北外)
引言
这是我教‘语言哲学’后的几点反思.
主要观点是:我们始终要问:语言的本质是什么?语言学****的本质又是什么?教一种语言实际上实在教什么?探究问题之本质,寻求最终答案。此乃TESL研究者之责任。
Philosophy of language and beyond
These are some reflections after teaching the course of philosophy of linguistics.
The key ideas are that we should be always asking what is the nature of language what is the nature of language learning , by following an internal approach, seeking essence of things and offering deeper and deeper explanations.
Philosophy of language and beyond
提纲
1、哲学(philosophy)
2、语言哲学(philosophy of language)
3、理论语言学(general linguistics)
4、应用语言学(applied linguistics)
5、哲学、科研与做人(philosophy and
beyond)
1、哲学(philosophy)
1、本体论(ontology)(BEING)
一元论、二元论、多元论
2、认识论(epistemology)
不可知论,可知论,相对真理
3、方法论(methodology)
归纳法、演绎法、溯因法、证实、证伪
1、哲学(philosophy)
一元论:monism : the world is essentially one substance or contains only one kind of substance.
二元论:dualism: metaphysical dualism are good and evil, God and the world, and body and spirit. Epistemological dualism are being and thought and subject and object.
多元论: Pluralism: reality consists of
1、哲学(philosophy)
manifold entities of many different types, and that the diversity of things is more striking and important than their unity.
(Popper)多元论:
World 1: the world of physical objects and events, including biological entities.
World 2: the world of mental objects and events. (virtual reality?)
World 3: objective knowledge.
1、哲学(philosophy)
经验主义(empiricism)、逻辑实证主义(logic-positivism)
唯理主义(rationalism)(various forms)
心理学(psychology):
行为主义(behaviorism)、
认知心理学(cognitive psychology)
1、哲学(philosophy)
My reflections:
认识能力
How do we know what we know?
先天——后天
天赋——学****br/>Nature -- nurture
Inborn -- learned
1、哲学(philosophy)
My reflections:
Macrocosm宏观-- Microcosm微观
universals 普遍性–variations变异性
similarities相似性–diversities特殊性
regularities规则性–irregularities混乱
reductionism简约性–relativism相对性