文档介绍：该【欧洲疾控中心-隐孢子虫病-2020年度流行病学报告 】是由【琥珀】上传分享，文档一共【7】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【欧洲疾控中心-隐孢子虫病-2020年度流行病学报告 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..ORMAL`SURVEILLANCEREPORTCryptosporidiosisAnnualEpidemiologicalReportfor2020Keyfacts?For2020,24EuropeanUnion/EuropeanEconomicArea(EU/EEA)countriesreported4164confirmedcryptosporidiosiscases.?–thelowestinthepastfiveyears.?Thelowernumberofcasesreportedin2020isattributabletotheCOVID-19pandemicandtheabsenceofdatafromtheUnitedKingdom,whichstoppedreportingdatain2020duetoitswithdrawalfromtheEU.?ountedfor65%ofallconfirmedcases,ountedfor28%.?ThenumberofcasespeakedinAugust,inlinewiththeseasonalpatternobservedpreviously.?Childrenaged0–4yearshadthehighestnotificationrate(),althoughitwasaboutone-(,cattle,sheep,rodents,catsanddogs),butalsobirds,:Cryptosporidiumhominis,whichmainlyinfectshumans,andthezoonoticspeciesCryptosporidiumparvum,whichalsoinfectsdomesticanimals,-threateningforpeoplewithimpairedimmunesystems,whomaydevelopprofuse,life-threatening,-oralbyingestionofinfectiousoocysts,directcontactwithinfectedpeopleoranimals,(,cold)(TESSy),,pleaserefertotheMethodschapterofthe‘ECDCAnnualEpidemiologicalReport’[1].Anoverviewofthenationalsurveillancesystemsisavailableonline[2].AsubsetofthedatausedforthisreportisavailablethroughECDC’sonline‘SurveillanceAtlasofInfectiousDiseases’[3].Suggestedcitation:::ECDC;,December2024?EuropeanCentreforDiseasePreventionandControl,,providedthesourceisacknowledged.:..SURVEILLANCEREPORTAnnualepidemiologicalreportfor2020Thenotificationofcryptosporidiosisismandatoryin20EuropeanUnion(EU)MemberStates,(Belgium,Greece),,Denmark,France,,,herlandsdidnotreporteddataandSpaindidnotreceiveddatafromallregionsthatusuallyreport,,,asthatistheyearitestablishedasurveillancesystemforcryptosporidiosisbasedonvoluntaryreportingoflaboratory-,thenotificationsystemchangedin2020toincludeallelectroniclaboratoryreportsratherthanonlyreportsfromgeneralpractitioners;-baseddataexceptBelgium,BulgariaandGreece,,notificationrates,,confirmedcryptosporidiosisdatawerereportedby24EU/EEAcountries,(Table1).Germanyreportedmostoftheconfirmedcases(1175cases;28%).Sweden(641),Finland(571),Ireland(511),Belgium(500)andNorway(481)ountedfor65%,().Country-otificationratesrangedfrom<:13countriesreported<,7countriesreported1to10casesper100000populationand3countriesreported>(Spain),increasedrateswerereportedbyFinland,Iceland,Luxembourg,paredwith2019(Table1).AsaresultofthechangesinreportingdescribedintheMethodssection,,withatotalof66cases;:..,EU/EEA,2016–.::age-standardisedrate;EU/EEA:EuropeanUnion/EuropeanEconomicArea;NDR:nodatareported;NRC::..,EU/EEA,2020Source:CountryreportsSeasonalityIn2020,thenumberofreportedcryptosporidiosiscaseswashighestinAugust,maintainingasimilarseasonalpatternaspreviousyears,whencasesincreasedinlatesummerorearlyautumn(Figures2and3).,EU/EEA,2016–2020Source:CountryreportsfromCyprus,Czechia,Estonia,Finland,Germany,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Latvia,Luxembourg,Malta,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,:..,EU/EEA,2020and2016–2019Source:CountryreportsfromCyprus,Czechia,Estonia,Finland,Germany,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Latvia,Luxembourg,Malta,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,%,thehighestnotificationratewasobservedintheagegroup0–4years(),(Figure4).Thehighestnotificationrate–thoughlowerthanin2019–inthisagegroupwasreportedbyIreland(),followedbyBelgium().Theoverallmale-to-:,thereweremoreboysamongchildren0–4yearsold(male-to-:1)andmorewomenintheagegroups15–24yearsand25–44years(male-to-::1,respectively).Overall,mostofthecasesinwomeninEU/EEAcountries(792cases)werereportedintheagegroup25–,byageandgender,EU/EEA,20205:..SURVEILLANCEREPORTAnnualepidemiologicalreportfor2020OutbreaksandotherthreatsIn2020,therewerenonotificationsaboutoutbreaksofcryptosporidiosisreportedintheEpidemicIntelligenceInformationSystemforFoodandWaterborneDiseases(EPIS-FWD).DiscussionIn2020,theEU/,thenumberofcountriesreporting<1caseper100000population(13countries)-19pandemic(2016–2019),overallnotificationratesfortheEU/,,,theUKreportedover40%ofallcasesintheEU/,acombinationoffactorsrelatingtotheCOVID-,redistributionofresourcesmayhaveaffectedbothsurveillanceanddiagnostics,andurredduetostricterhygienemeasures(),aswellaslesstravelandlessrestaurantandfarmvisits,–forexample,infood(,juice,vegetables,fruits)ordrinkingwater[4–7].However,thiscanbedifficult;astheinfectionhasarelativelylongincubationperiod,,theinfectionismainlyacquiredthroughrecreationalwaters(,publicpaddlingpools,waterparksoropenwater,aswellasatmasssportingeventsinvolvingwaterormud)andcontactwithfarmanimals[8–10].PublichealthimplicationsDespitearelativelylowEU/EEAnotificationrate,itisimportanttomonitorandcontrolcryptosporidiosisintheregionandtobetterunderstandtheepidemiologyintermsofspecies,,speciesidentificationandsubtyping,,,thusfar,,includingpracticingproperhandhygieneandproperhandlingofraworminimallyprocessedfruitsandvegetables,suchaswashing,peelingandcooking,,especiallyamongfamilieswithsmallchildrenwhomayvisitpettingzoosorfarms,aswellaspeopleinclosecontactwithfarmanimals().Awarenessshouldalsoberaisedaboutthepossibilityofgettingcryptosporidiosisfromswallowingcontaminatedwaterinswimmingpoolsorotherrecreationalwatersites,:..(ECDC).:ECDC;:-epidemiological-reports/(ECDC).Surveillancesystemsoverview[Downloadablespreadsheet].Stockholm:ECDC;:https://.eu/en/publications-data/surveillance-systems-overview-(ECDC).:ECDC;:.SuominenKA,BjorkstrandM,OllgrenJ,AutioTJ,Rimhanen-:investigationofincreasedreporting,1995-(Lond).2023;55(2):116-:https:///full/.’LearyJK,BlakeL,CorcoranGD,SleatorRD,;218::https://.gov/pubmed/,RazakandrainibeR,BasmaciyanL,RaibautJ,DelaunayP,MorioF,,2017-;27::https://.gov/pubmed/,TemesgenTT,TysnesKR,