文档介绍：虚拟语气
Subjunctive mood
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式。
1. 用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中);
2. 表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
虚拟语气的概念
英语中的虚拟语气有2种构成形式:
were 型:即用did 或had done来表示
be 型: 即用should+do 表示并且should
可以省略。
虚拟语气的构成形式
Were 型虚拟语气
一、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句),表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例):
虚拟语气在在条件从句中
表示与事实情况相反
条件从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示现在情况
过去式(did)
(be常用 were)
Would / could / might / should (用于第1人称) +动词原形(do)
表示过去情况
过去完成式(had +done
上面4个情态动词+have done
表示将来情况
①过去式(did)
②should + do
③were to do
4个情态动词+ do
If you _________a few minutes earlier, you _________met him.
要是你早来几分钟的话,你就能见到他了。
2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I e to see you. (与将来事实可能相反)
3. If I were you, I would go at once.
假如我是你的话,我会马上走。
虚拟语气在在条件从句中
Were 型虚拟语气
e
would have
(与过去事实相反)
(与现在事实相反,事实上我不可能是你)
Were 型虚拟语气
二、省略 if 的条件从句
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时,可省略if ,而把它们放在句首,形成倒装句型。
If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.
Were I to meet him tomorrow,…
If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
Should he fail in the experiment…
虚拟语气在在条件从句中
Were 型虚拟语气
三、错综时间的条件句
即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时,需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如:
If they __________hard, they _________it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些。
If he ___________my advice, he __________it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好。
虚拟语气在复合句中的应用:
had studied
could do
had not taken
wouldn't do
四、一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气
Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.
虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的应用:
Were 型虚拟语气
She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.
A gentleman wouldn’t have said so.
--Why didn’t e?
--He _____except she didn’t have time.
A. would e B. e
C. e D. ing
A
五、wish接宾语从句:
1) 现在:用过去式
2) 过去:用过去完成式(had done)
3) 将来:用情态动词(would / could) + do
Were 型虚拟语气
1. I wish she __________on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。
2. I wish I were 30 years younger.
我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。
3. I wish (that) you a good job.
我希望你能找到一