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Title: Selection and Economic Analysis of Flue Gas Desulfurization Technologies for Coal-Fired Power Plants
Abstract:
Coal-fired power plants are known for their significant contributions to air pollution, particularly through the emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the flue gas. Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technologies are crucial in reducing the emission of SO2 and addressing environmental concerns. This study aims to evaluate different FGD technology routes and conduct an economic analysis to determine the most suitable solution for coal-fired power plants in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
1. Introduction:
Background
Coal-fired power plants remain a significant source of electricity generation worldwide, but the environmental impact of their operations has garnered substantial attention. The release of SO2 from these plants contributes to acid rain, air pollution, and respiratory problems. The installation of FGD technologies can effectively reduce these emissions by removing the sulfur content from the flue gas.
Objective
This study aims to assess various FGD technology routes and conduct an economic analysis to determine the optimal choice for coal-fired power plants based on efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
2. Overview of FGD Technologies:
Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization (WFGD)
WFGD is a widely adopted technology that uses a wet limestone slurry to scrub the flue gas and remove SO2. The captured SO2 reacts with the limestone to form calcium sulfite or sulfate, which is then converted into gypsum.
Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization (DFGD)
DFGD technologies employ dry sorbent injection (DSI) or spray drying absorption (SDA) processes to remove SO2 from the flue gas. DSI involves injecting a dry sorbent, such as hydrated lime or sodium bicarbonate, into the flue gas stream. SDA utilizes a spray dryer to combine the flue gas with a sorbent spray, forming a dry powder to capture SO2.
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
SCR is primarily used to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions but can also have a secondary effect on SO2 reduction. The flue gas is passed through a catalyst bed, and the SO2 is reduced to sulfur trioxide (SO3), which reacts further to form sulfuric acid mist or sulfate aerosols.
3. Economic Analysis:
Capital Costs
The capital costs associated with FGD technology include equipment, installation, and associated infrastructure. These costs are typically higher for WFGD due to the requirement for limestone slurry systems, waste handling facilities, and wastewater treatment plants.
Operating Costs
Operating costs consist of reagent consumption, electricity consumption, maintenance, and labor. WFGD systems generally have higher operating costs due to the ongoing need for limestone and higher power requirements.
Cost-Effectiveness
The cost-effectiveness of FGD technologies can be assessed through a comparison of the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and the cost per unit of SO2 removed. The LCOE represents the total cost of electricity generation over the lifetime of the plant, while the cost per unit of SO2 removed indicates the efficiency of the system.
4. Conclusion:
Based on the economic analysis and technology comparison, the selection of the appropriate FGD technology route for coal-fired power plants depends on various factors, including plant size, coal quality, emission limits, and project budget. While WFGD is the most established and effective technology, DFGD can offer advantages in terms of lower capital and operating costs. SCR, while not primarily designed for SO2 removal, can still contribute to emissions reduction. Ultimately, a thorough evaluation of these factors is essential to determine the most suitable and economic FGD technology for each specific power plant project.
References:
(Include relevant references and sources used in the paper.)
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