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Title: A Preliminary Study on the Recent Activity and Mechanism of Ground Fissures in Xi'an
Abstract:
This paper presents a preliminary study on the recent activity and mechanism of ground fissures in Xi'an. The city of Xi'an, located in the central part of China, has been witnessing an increasing number of ground fissures in recent years, causing significant damage to infrastructure and impacting urban development. This study aims to investigate the factors contributing to the formation and reactivation of ground fissures in Xi'an and provide insights into the mechanism underlying their activity.
1. Introduction
Ground fissures are fractures that occur in the Earth's surface due to the movement of underlying materials, primarily caused by geological processes or anthropogenic activities. Xi'an, with its complex geological and hydrological conditions, has been susceptible to ground fissures. Understanding the recent activity and mechanism of these fissures is crucial for effective urban planning and hazard mitigation.
2. Methodology
To conduct this study, a combination of field surveys, remote sensing, and geophysical investigations was employed to collect data on ground fissures in Xi'an. Field surveys involved mapping the extent and characteristics of fissures, while remote sensing provided a comprehensive view of the regional geological and hydrological conditions. Geophysical investigations, such as electrical resistivity tomography and ground penetrating radar, were used to explore the subsurface structure and identify potential hotspots for ground fissure development.
3. Recent Activity of Ground Fissures in Xi'an
The analysis of available data revealed a significant increase in ground fissure occurrence in recent years in Xi'an. The primary study area with active fissures was found to be located in the southeast region of the city. The observed fissures exhibited varying lengths, depths, and orientations. Field surveys and remote sensing data indicated that these ground fissures have caused significant damage to infrastructure, including buildings, roads, and underground utilities.
4. Factors Contributing to Ground Fissure Formation
Several factors were identified as potential contributors to ground fissure formation in Xi'an. These factors include geological conditions (., presence of weak zones, nature of geological formations), groundwater level fluctuations, and human activities, such as unsustainable groundwater extraction and excessive construction. It is important to note that the interplay of these factors makes ground fissure formation and reactivation complex phenomena that require further investigation.
5. Mechanisms Underlying Ground Fissure Activity
Based on the collected data and literature review, various mechanisms were proposed to explain the activity of ground fissures in Xi'an. These mechanisms include:
a. Tectonic Causes: Xi'an is located in a seismically active region, and tectonic activity, such as regional faulting and folding, can create stress accumulation and release, leading to ground fissure activity.
b. Hydrogeological Factors: Fluctuations in the groundwater level can contribute to the activation of ground fissures by altering pore pressure and causing differential settlement in the underlying materials.
c. Anthropogenic Factors: Human-induced activities, such as excessive groundwater extraction or construction without proper engineering measures, can induce ground fissure development and reactivation.
6. Implications and Recommendations
The findings of this study have significant implications for urban planning and hazard mitigation in Xi'an. It is crucial to incorporate a thorough understanding of ground fissures into land-use planning processes to avoid high-risk areas and implement appropriate engineering measures to mitigate potential damages. Additionally, continuous monitoring of geological and hydrological conditions, as well as the implementation of sustainable water management practices, can help prevent further ground fissure development.
7. Conclusion
This study provides a preliminary investigation into the recent activity and mechanism of ground fissures in Xi'an. The formation and reactivation of ground fissures in the city were found to be influenced by geological, hydrogeological, and anthropogenic factors. Further research and comprehensive monitoring are required to improve our understanding of ground fissures and develop effective strategies for their mitigation and management in Xi'an.