文档介绍：列维纳斯语言哲学中的文本观
本文尝试探讨隐藏在列维纳斯思想中的文本概念。尽管他是位现象学家,致力于对吾人之他者经验作现象学分析,但因着他对犹太法典所作杰出的诠释工作,笔者相信在他的哲学中蕴藏某种诠释理论。本文即试图以文本概念为焦点,分别从「理解的暴力」与「诠释的责任」着手,提出面对文本的三种可能性:第一是理解的存有学,描述化约文本的暴力行动;第二是诠释的伦理学,刻画诠释者对文本之无限启示的响应;第三是宣道的政治学,着力于澄清文本与人民的关系。笔者主张,藉由这三重分析,我们可从列维纳斯的哲学与宗教思想中获得某种文本观,触及诠释者与文本间的双重关系,以及文本在社群中所扮演的角色。∗
􁙯􁔣􀷟􀄈列维纳斯,文本,同一,他者,第三方,理解,诠释
The Concept of Text in Levinas’s Philosophy of Language
Yuan-wei Teng∗
Abstract
As a phenomenologist, Emmanuel Levinas’s main topic is the phenomenology of alterity, and his most famous achievement is the phenomenological description of the ethical relationship between the same and the other. But as a well-known interpreter of the Talmud, he also provided a hermeneutical paradigm. In this article, I purport to argue that, though he rarely discusses the problem of text, there is certainly a kind of theory of text in his works, and we can demonstrate it by means of his philosophy of language, especially the concepts of the saying and the said. According to the threefold structure of “the same-the other-the third,” I firstly describe the violence of understanding through Levinas’s critique of Heidegger’s ontology. Second, I investigate the ethics of interpretation in terms of Levinas’s moral metaphysics and his religious reflection about the revelation of the other. Finally I extend the responsibility of interpretation into the realm of politics. Through the politics of sermon, we can clarify the social dimension of text and integrate text and people into an interpretamunity.
Keywords: Levinas, text, the same, the other, the third, understanding, interpretation 列维纳斯语言哲学中的文本观 161
1
法国现象学家列维纳斯(Emmanuel Levinas)似乎是位不合时宜的哲学家。在一个抗拒规范、众声喧嚣、个人意识抬头的时代,他高谈道德及对他人的责任;在一片终结形上学的呼声中,他力抗存有学的浪潮而倡言形上学;1 当各样精采万分的思潮在当代思想舞台上此起彼落、各擅胜场,他始终坚守现象学的阵营;在这个主体死亡几成定局的年代,他却要告诉我们真正的主体何在