文档介绍：Integrated Energy and
Communications
Systems Architecture
(IECSA)
Poor Power System Reliability: A Toll Felt
Throughout the US Economy
$Billion
120
Total Annual Cost of Power
$-
100 Outages and PQ Disturbances
by Business Sector
80
TOTAL Cost of:
$119 - $188 Billion PQ Disturbance
60
Power Outage
40 $
20 $
$
0
Digital Continuous Fabrication Other US
Economy Process & Essential Industry
Mfg. Services
40% GDP 60% GDP
Source: Primen Study: The Cost of Power Disturbances to Industrial & Digital panies
The Electric Grid Faces Real Challenges
Infrastructure Constraints Vulnerability Natural Disaster
Grid Constraints Security ……. Acts of God
Operational Constraints Maintenance
Market Constraints Vandalism
Aging Infrastructure
Stability of the grid ………….. Ongoing challenge
The 2003 Blackout Was a Wakeup Call
Safety, social, economic, and political impacts
Contributing Factors to the Blackout
Inadequate methods for security assessment
Infrastructures Lack of a unified grid operational view
Lack of remotely executable preventive control actions
munication infrastructure
Applications
Inefficiency of security constrained dispatch
Inadequate sizing and design of under-frequency under-
voltage load shedding
Grid
Lack of means for adaptive automated service restoration
Lack or under-utilization of distributed generation
Lack or under-utilization of adaptive control and remote
monitoring
Lack or under-utilization of intelligence devices
Challenge to eliminate deficiencies – Overall approach is essential
Fundamentals of Grid Reliability
• Proactive failure detection
• Self-healing grid
• Dynamic consumer interface
The key to reliability ….. proactive diagnosis and reactive healing
Requirements for Grid Reliability
• Remote monitoring
• Early detection & decision support
• Prevention & recovery
• Fault isolation & restoration
• Crew management
• Eme