关于食品安全法.ppt

文档介绍：习惯命名法
甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚(geng)、辛、壬、癸(gui)
十个碳以下:
烷烃的命名法:
[例如]
CH4 C2H6 C5H12 C9H20
甲烷乙烷戊烷壬烷
C12H26 C20H42
十二烷二十烷
习惯命名法:
CH3—CH—CH2—CH3
CH3
异戊烷
CH3—C—CH3
CH3
CH3
新戊烷
CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3
正戊烷
如:戊烷有三种同分异构体:
CH3
CH3–C–CH2–CH–CH2–CH3
CH3 CH2–CH3
–
–
–
己烷
–4–乙基
2、2–二甲基
2
3
4
1
6
5
判断改错:
CH3 CH CH3
CH2
CH3
2–乙基丙烷
2–甲基丁烷
3–甲基丙烷
CH3 CH CH2 CH CH3
CH2 CH2
CH3 CH3
3、5–二甲基庚烷
2、4–二乙基戊烷
[练习]用系统命名法命名
CH2 CH2 CH CH2 CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH3 C CH CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
2、2、3–三甲基丁烷
4–乙基庚烷
CH3 CH C CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3—CH—CH2—CH—CH2
CH3
CH3
C2H5
CH3—CH—CH2—CH—CH2—CH—CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2CH3
2、4、6–三甲基辛烷
己烷
–4–乙基
2–甲基
CH2CH3 CH3
CH3 C CH2 C CH3
CH3 CH3
2、2、4、4-四甲基己烷
写出下列各化合物的结构简式:
(1) 3,3-二乙基戊烷
(2) 2,2,3-三甲基丁烷
(3) 2-甲基-4-乙基庚烷
CH3–CH2–CH2–CH–CH2–CH–CH3
CH3
CH2
CH3
CH3–C–CH–CH3
CH3
H3C
CH3
:
,2-二甲基-3-乙基戊烷________________________________
2. 2,3,4-三甲基己烷_________________________________
3. 2,2,3,4,4-五甲基戊烷____________________________________
4. 2,4,8-三甲基-6-乙基癸烷____________________________________