文档介绍：该【斯伦贝谢petrel教程 】是由【3827483】上传分享，文档一共【42】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【斯伦贝谢petrel教程 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。Surface operations (2D grids)
Purpose: Learn how to perform operations on surfaces and between surfaces.
You will learn to:
Manipulate a surface using Surface Operations
Calculate azimuth and dip values from a surface
Use the surface calculator
Build rock gross thickness grids
Calculate volume between surfaces
Areal calculations
Inside polygon
For defined nodes in a grid
Surface operations Lecture and exercise purpose
Contains tools for manipulating on existing surfaces
Rotate and smooth
Extrapolate
Expand and shrink
Flip values
Shift values
Merge surfaces
Remember: Only ONE undo!
Surface operations Surface Operations
C
Given top and base structure grids
Incorporate fluid contacts into top and/or base grids
Build gross rock thickness grid
Discount gross rock thickness by N:G, Phi, and (1-Sw)
Calculate volume for positive thickness
Calculate area for positive thickness
B
D
A
E
F
Surface operations 2D Volume processing; General procedure
Should define the zone of interest
Should not contain missing node values over area of interest
No volumes for missing nodes
Fault gaps should be filled with nodes
Should be tied to the top picks
A
Well
C
B
Volume processing (2D Grids) Top and base structure grids
1
3-A
3-B
2
3-C
1. Use grid or constant
2. Merge with a structure grid
3. Merging process
A. Copy structure to be merged
B. Rename copied grid
“BASE HYDROCARBON” or “TOP HYDROCARBON”
C. Incorporate fluid contact “Set Z=A where:” Z>A (base) or Z<A (top)
Volume processing (2D Grids) Incorporate Fluid Contacts
A
1. Open the Surface calculator (right click on a surface and select calculator)
3
+
-
+
-
2
4
2. Type in: GROSS ROCK = TOP HYDROCARBON -BASE HYDROCARBON
3. This will produce a new GROSS ROCK grid
4. Clip negatives to a small negative number (reduces total Z-range)
Volume processing (2D Grids) Build gross rock thickness grid
Common petrophysical parameters are:
Net-to-gross
Porosity
Water saturation (used as 1-Sw)
Parameters represent average value for zone
May be either constant or grid
Z-range between and (ratio)
If percent then divide by 100
If outside 0-1 range then clip
Volume processing (2D Grids) Petrophysical parameters
Gross thickness * Net-to-gross = net thickness
Net thickness * Porosity = pore thickness
Pore thickness * (1 – Water saturation) = hydrocarbon pore thickness
Note: For each step, copy the input thickness grid, rename it to the output thickness, and then perform the calculation.
Net
A
Pore
B
Hydrocarbon
C
Gross
Volume processing (2D Grids) Build hydrocarbon pore thickness
There are three methods for calculating volumes
Between two surfaces
Between a surface and a plane
Volume/area versus depth
Volume processing (2D Grids) Calculate volumes