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Subpart 360-2: Landfills - Page 3
(Statutory authority: Environmental Conservation Law, Sections 1-0101, 3-0301, 8-0113,19-0301, 19-0306, 23-2305, 23-2307, 27-0101, 27-0106, 27-0107, 27-0109, 27-0305, 27-0703, 27-0704, 27-0705, 27-0911, 27-1317, 27-1515, 52-0107, 52-0505, and 70-0107)
[Effective Date December 31, 1988]
[Amendment Dates:
Revised Effective March 27, 1990; with promulgation of new Subpart 15: Grants for Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Planning.
Revised Effective May 28, 1991; With repeal of existing Subpart 9 and promulgation of new Subpart 9: State Assistance for Municipal Landfill Closure Projects
Revised Effective January 25, 1992; With repeal of existing Subpart 10 and promulgation of new Subpart10: Regulated Medical Waste Storage, Transfer, and Disposal, and new Subpart 17 Regulated Medical Waste Treatment Facilities.
Revised/Enhanced Effective October 9, 1993; with adoption of amendments to existing Subparts 1 through 17
Revised Effective December 14, 1994; with adoption of amendments to existing Subpart 9: State Assistance for Municipal Landfill Closure Projects
Revised Effective January 14, 1995; With repeal of existing Subpart 14 and promulgation of new Subpart 14: Used Oil.
Revised Effective November 26, 1996; With adoption of amendments to existing Subparts 1, 2, 3, 7, 11, 14, and 17
Revised Effective September 29, 1997; With adoption of amendments to existing Subpart 9
Revised Effective November 21, 1998; With adoption of amendments to existing Subpart 2
Revised Effective November 24, 1999; With adoption of amendments to existing Subparts 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 11, 14, and 16]
[This is page 3 of 3 of this Subpart. A complete list of Subparts in this regulation appears in the Chapter 4 contents page.]
Contents:
Sec.
360- Landfill construction requirements.
360- Industrial/commercial waste monofills and solid waste incinerator ash residue monofills.
360- Landfill closure and post-closure criteria.
360- Landfill gas recovery facilities.
360- Landfill operation requirements.
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360- Landfill reclamation.
360- Financial assurance criteria.
360- Corrective measures report.
§360- Landfill construction requirements.
Except as otherwise expressly provided in section 360- of this Subpart, all new landfills and lateral and vertical expansions of existing landfills regulated under this Subpart must conform to the requirements set forth in this section.
(a) Horizontal separation requirements.
(1) The minimum horizontal separation between deposited solid waste in the landfill and the property line must be 100 feet.
(2) The required horizontal separation between deposited solid waste and any surface waters must be adequate to preclude contravention of State surface water standards in the surface water body, or flooding of the landfill from the surface water body. In no case can solid waste be deposited closer than 100 feet from the mean high water elevation of any surface waters. The department may require greater horizontal separation between solid waste and surface waters when those surface waters are actively used as sources of municipal water supply.
(b) Survey control. One permanent survey benchmark of known elevation measured from a . Geological Survey benchmark must be established and maintained for each 25 acres of developed landfill, or part thereof, at the site. This benchmark must be the reference point for establishing vertical elevation control.
(c) Location coordinates. The New York Transverse Mercator (NYTM) coordinates must be established. Horizontal control must be established and one of its points must be the benchmark of known NYTM coordinates.
(d) Groundwater separation. A minimum separation of five feet must be maintained between the base of the constructed liner system and the seasonal high groundwater elevation. At sites where perched water is encountered the department will determine with respect to groundwater separation distances whether separation distances will be measured from the perched zone or the non-perched water table. The nature of the materials making up this separation, whether natural or backfilled, is subject to department approval. This minimum five feet separation requirement may be reduced or waived upon demonstration of selection of a suitable landfill site, as defined under section 360-(a) of this Subpart, and upon demonstration that compliance with this provision would impose an unreasonable economic, technological, or safety burden; and, that the
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proposed activity will have no significant adverse impact on the overall stability of the landfill, the environment, or natural resources and that the landfill's performance will be consistent with that which is expected from the application of this Part. In such cases, the department will require additional groundwater drainage systems to ensure that the seasonal high groundwater table does not come in contact with the lowermost portion of the landfill liner during construction, and until such time that the hydrostatic pressures are equalized by weight of the liner system and/or waste.
(e) Bedrock separation. A minimum of 10 feet vertical separation must be maintained between the base of the constructed liner and bedrock. The nature of the materials making up this separation, whether natural or backfilled, is subject to department approval.
(f) Liner system description. The minimum liner requirement for all landfills accepting mixed solid waste must consist of the following:
(1) On all bottom areas where the landfill slope is less than or equal to 25 percent, the liner system must consist of a double composite liner separated by a secondary leachate collection and removal system.
(2) On all side slope areas where the landfill slope is greater than 25 percent the liner system need only consist of a primary leachate collection and removal system above the uppermost geomembrane liner and a lower composite liner separated by a secondary leachate collection and removal system.
(3) A composite liner must consist of two components, an upper geomembrane liner placed directly above a low permeability soil layer meeting the requirements specified in subdivisions (j) and (k) of this section. Each composite liner is considered a single liner.
(4) The double composite liner system must include a primary leachate collection and removal system consisting of a 24-inch granular soil layer with a leachate collection pipe network. The primary leachate collection and removal system lies above the primary (upper) composite liner. The primary composite liner consists of a 60 mil geomembrane that directly overlays an 18-inch thick low permeability soil layer. The primary composite liner lies above the secondary leachate collection and removal system. The secondary leachate collection and removal system consists of a leachate collection pipe network within either a 12-inch thick granular soil layer or an effectively configured layer of geonet drainage material. The
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secondary leachate collection and removal system lies above the secondary (lower) composite liner which consists of a 60 mil geomembrane that directly overlays a 24-inch thick low permeability soil layer. The double composite liner system described in this subdivision is considered the minimum liner configuration requirement for landfills.
(g) Leachate collection and removal system design. The leachate collection and removal system must be designed to effectively remove leachate from the landfill. A means of quantitatively assessing leachate flows in both the primary and secondary leachate collection and removal system must be detailed on plans and be discussed in the engineering report. The primary and secondary leachate collection and removal systems must conform to the following requirements:
(1) A primary leachate collection and removal system, located over the upper composite liner, must be hydraulically designed in accordance with the provisions of section 360-(b)(9) of this Subpart to remove leachate from the landfill and ensure that the leachate head over the primary composite liner does not exceed one foot at the expected flow capacity except, during storm events and does not have to be maintained in designated sump areas within the double lined landfill as approved by the department. The primary leachate collection and removal system must also be designed to provide a minimum of 24 inches of protective soil cover to the primary composite liner. This collection and removal system must be designed and constructed, at a minimum, in accordance with the requirements of subdivisions (h), (l) and (m) of this section.
(2) A secondary leachate collection and removal system must be located between the upper and lower liner systems and be designed to effectively collect and rapidly remove leachate from the lower liner system. This collection system must be designed and constructed, at a minimum, in accordance with the requirements of subdivisions (h), (l), (m) and (n) of this section.
(h) Leachate collection pipe network design. The primary and secondary leachate collection and removal piping systems must be designed and built to allow for representative sampling of leachate and to operate without clogging during the effective site life and post-closure maintenance period. All leachate collection pipe networks located in the primary and secondary leachate collection and removal systems must be designed to allow for accessibility of equipment and to facilitate effective routine cleaning and maintenance. All leachate conveyance lines and appurtenances, including manholes, sumps, and metering pits located outside the
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double composite liner system of the landfill must be designed to have double containment and must be constructed to provide for effective leak detection and collection. All leachate conveyance lines and appurtenances including manholes, sumps, and metering pits located outside the double composite liner system, need not maintain minimum five foot or ten foot separation of the seasonal high groundwater table or bedrock respectively.
(i) Landfill subgrade. The landfill subgrade is the uppermost in situ soil layer or select fill that must be graded and prepared for landfill construction. A foundation analysis must be performed to determine the structural integrity of the subgrade to support the loads and stresses imposed by the weight of the landfill and to support overlying facility components. For lateral expansions adjacent to existing landfills, the department may approve encroachment on the existing landfill's side slope if a leachate barrier system is designed and constructed to minimize leachate migration into the existing landfill.
(1) Materials required. The landfill subgrade material must be free of organic material (other than small roots of trees, shrubs, grasses, etc.) and consist of on-site soils, or any select fill, if approved by the department.
(2) Construction requirements. The landfill subgrade must be graded in accordance with the requirements of the approved engineering plans, report, and specifications to have a minimum post-settlement slope of two percent. The material must be sufficiently dry and structurally sound to ensure that the first lift, and all succeeding lifts of soil placed over the landfill subgrade, can be adequately compacted to the design requirements and assure stability of the landfill.
(3) Certification requirements. At a minimum, the subgrade surface must be inspected in accordance with the following requirements:
(i) before any material is placed over th