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Module 4 Great Scientists
课标定位·高效导学
类别
课程标准要求掌握的项目
重点单词
staple ,重要的
leading ,领先的
figure ,人物
educate ,培养,训练
nickname ,昵称
agriculture ,农艺,农学
breeding ,培育
species ,种类
yield
original ,新颖的
replace ,替换
quantity ,大量
quality ,特性
best-seller n. 畅销书(唱片)
diagnose (疾病)
brilliant ,卓越的
career ,职业,经历
brief ,简洁的
partly ,在一定程度上
physical ,物质的,物理的
graduate
personal ,本人的
publish ,发表;出版,刊印
sterile ,(生物)不孕育的
breakthrough
support ,供养
production ,产量
convert ,使改变
export ,出口
agricultural
relativity ,相对论
explode
escape ,逸出,逃离
arrow
straight ,
clear ,(烟雾)消散
重点短语
bring up 培养,抚养,养育
give a higher yield获得高产
search for搜索,寻找
bring in引进,赚钱
as a result of 由于,作为……的结果
cash crop 经济作物
hybrid rice杂交水稻
graduate from从……毕业
earn one’s living谋生
be known for因……而众所周知
come to power掌权
instead of而不是,取代
be at war with与……交战
be attached to附属于……,喜欢……
attach…to…把……系到
a variety of许多,各种各样的……
carry out执行,履行,贯彻
because of由于,因为
……上
be used for被用来……
if possible如果可能的话
功能交际
Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.
The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
It is possible that they introduced them to Europe.
语法
Revision of the passive voice
By + v-ing to indicate how something is done
Researchers were brought in from all over China.
The research was supported by the government.
You can get a good job by studying hard.
Researchers learn things by carrying out an experience.
Section Ⅰ Introduction, Reading and Vocabulary & Function
知识整合·能力聚焦
考点搜索1:bring up的用法
【例1】(2010山东)Sam ______ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up
解析:考查动词短语辨析:bring up抚养,养育;look up查找,仰望;pick up捡起,接送,(偶然)学会;set up开办,设立。句意:萨姆只是通过观看别人操作电脑便学到了一些电脑知识。依据句意理解,则选项C符合题意。
名师点金:bring up的用法
⑴bring up常见意义如下:
①抚养,养育
②提出(议题)
Why did you have to bring up the subject of money?
你为什么非要提钱这个话题?
He left her to bring up three young children on her own.
他留下她独自抚养3个年幼的孩子。
⑵常见与up相关的短语汇总:
①add up把……加起来 ②break up分解,破裂,解散
③bring up养育,抚养;提出<议题> ④cut up切碎,割碎
⑤cheer up<使>高兴起来,<振作起来> ⑥call up打电话;使回想起
⑦dress up装扮,打扮;对……加以修饰,美化 ⑧hang up挂断电话
,挂起
⑨get up起床,站起来 ⑩hold up支撑;耽搁,推迟;
⑪stay up熬夜,不睡觉; ⑫put up建造;张贴;提供膳宿;
⑬give up放弃,腾出<时间>;自首,投降 ⑭tear up撕碎,撕毁
⑮turn up调大;露面,出现;卷起,竖起<衣领> ⑯use up用完,耗尽
原文对照:Yuan Long ping was born and brought up in China.
考点搜索2:award的用法
【例2】After the campaign a special medal was _________ to all of them.
A. attributed B. awarded C. rewarded D. contributed
解析:考查动词词义辨析:attribute归属;award授予,给予;reward报答,酬谢;contribute贡献,捐献。句意:此次战役后,他们每个人都获得了一枚特殊的勋章。
答案:B
名师点金:award的用法
⑴award作动词,意为“颁奖,授予,给予”;
①award sb. sth. 授予某人某物
②award sth. to sb. 颁奖(授予)某物给某人;
⑵award作名词,意为“奖,奖品”;(get / receive an award for sth. 因……获得奖励)
⑶reward
①reward作名词,意为“赏金,酬金;回报”;
②作动词,意为“报答,酬谢”;
③reward sb. with ……酬谢某人
The Asian Games winner received a gold medal as an award.
亚运会获胜者获得了一枚金牌作为奖励。
We will offer a reward of ten thousand dollars for information about the case.
如果有人提供有关案件的情报,我们愿意出一万元赏金。
He was awarded the first prize for Outstanding Industrial Design.
他获杰出工业设计一等奖。
Is that how you reward me for my help?
你就是这样来报答我给你的帮助吗?
He received an award for his great contributions to the country.
他因对国家的杰出贡献而获得奖励。
The school awarded him a scholarship of 5000 dollars.
学校为他颁发5000美元奖学金。
原文对照:Albert Einstein was awarded Nobel Prize for physics in 1921
考点搜索3:result的用法
【例3】(2009全国II)Jenny nearly missed the flight ______ doing too much shopping.
A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of
解析:考查短语辨析:。as a result of由于…的结果; in need of 急需,需要;in front of在……之前(侧重范围之外);on top of(危险或威胁)逼近,接近;<on the top of在……顶部>;句意:由于买了很多东西,珍妮差一点就错过了航班。
答案:A
名师点金:result的用法
⑴result作名词,意为“结果”;
①as a result结果,因而
②as a result of = because of由于,因为,由于……的结果
Brown died as a result of the heart attack. 布朗死于心脏病。
⑵result作动词,意为“导致,产生”;
①result in = lead to导致,产生
②result from 起因于……,由……产生
The crash resulted in the deaths of 14 passengers. 撞车事故造成14名乘客死亡。
The arrests resulted from an anonymous telephone call. 一个匿名电话引发了一系列的逮捕事件。
The accident resulted from a defective brake. 那次事故的原因在于刹车故障。
原文对照:As a result of Yuan Long ping’s discoveries Chinese rice production rose by percent in the 1990’s.
点金测评·创新训练
【基础巩固 全面训练】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
farmers are very pleased with the government’s agricultural ______________ (农业) policy.
scientists like to e______________ with small white mice.
poor man had to find another job to s______________ his big family.
two girls, who were twins, were the ______________ (受害者) of a road accident.
plastic surgeon ______________ (诊断) my illness as a rare bone disease.
year my brother g______________ from Peking University and found a job there.
______________ (最初的) owner of the house was the Duke of Wellington.
year alone he ______________ (出版) four books.
have made a great b______________ in the kidney transplantation.
is generally believed that advertising can increase ______________ (产量) and sales.
came up with a ______________ (绝妙的) idea for the book.
are ______________(转化)to new production methods.
Ⅱ.短语翻译
up ________________________
14. search for ________________________
15. bring in ________________________
16. as a result of ________________________
variety of ________________________
out ________________________
of ________________________
from ________________________
________________________
……而众所周知 ________________________
________________________
,取代 ________________________
……交战 ________________________
……,喜欢…… ________________________
……系到……上 ________________________
used for被用来…… ________________________
Ⅲ.单项选择
29. The old scientist has made_________ in growing rice, which will_________ more people in the world.
A. a breakthrough; feed on B. a breakthrough; feed
C. breakthrough; feed to D. breakthrough; feed with
30. It took me hours to_________ the problems out.
A. carry B. take C. find D. figure