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Abstract 摘要
Magnesium-aluminum (Mg-Al) alloys with non-equilibrium composition have been successfully welded using laser melting technique. In this paper, the research progress and challenges of laser melting technology in the welding of Mg-Al alloys with non-equilibrium composition are reviewed. Firstly, the composition and characteristics of Mg-Al alloys are introduced. Secondly, the research status of laser melting technology and its application in the welding of Mg-Al alloys are summarized. Thirdly, the influencing factors of laser melting technology on the microstructure and properties of Mg-Al alloys are analyzed. Finally, the future development trend and challenges of laser melting technology in the welding of Mg-Al alloys are discussed. The research results show that laser melting technology can effectively improve the welding quality and performance of Mg-Al alloys, and it has broad application prospects.
Keywords: Magnesium-aluminum alloys; Laser melting; Welding; Non-equilibrium composition
摘要：成功地采用激光熔敷技术对非平衡组成的镁铝(Mg-Al)合金进行了焊接。本文回顾了激光熔敷技术在焊接非平衡组成Mg-Al合金方面的研究进展和挑战。首先，介绍了Mg-Al合金的组成和特性。其次，总结了激光熔敷技术的研究现状及其在Mg-Al合金焊接中的应用。第三，分析了激光熔敷技术对Mg-Al合金组织和性能的影响因素。最后，讨论了激光熔敷技术在Mg-Al合金焊接中的未来发展趋势和挑战。研究结果表明，激光熔敷技术能有效提高Mg-Al合金的焊接质量和性能，具有广泛的应用前景。
关键词：镁铝合金；激光熔敷；焊接；非平衡组成
Introduction 介绍
Magnesium alloys are characterized by low density, high specific strength and stiffness, good castability, and excellent damping capacity. They have been widely used in aerospace, automotive, electronic, and other industries. Among them, magnesium-aluminum (Mg-Al) alloy has become an important research object due to its excellent mechanical properties, good corrosion resistance, and low density. However, the welding of Mg-Al alloys is difficult due to the easy evaporation of magnesium and the formation of oxide films. In recent years, laser melting technology has attracted more and more attention in the welding of Mg-Al alloys due to its advantages of high welding speed, high energy density, and small heat-affected zone.
In this paper, the research progress and challenges of laser melting technology in the welding of Mg-Al alloys with non-equilibrium composition are reviewed. Firstly, the composition and characteristics of Mg-Al alloys are introduced. Secondly, the research status of laser melting technology and its application in the welding of Mg-Al alloys are summarized. Thirdly, the influencing factors of laser melting technology on the microstructure and properties of Mg-Al alloys are analyzed. Finally, the future development trend and challenges of laser melting technology in the welding of Mg-Al alloys are discussed.
Composition and Characteristics of Mg-Al Alloys Mg-Al合金的组成和特性
Mg-Al alloys are binary alloys of magnesium and aluminum with various compositions. They have the characteristics of low density, high specific strength and stiffness, good castability, and excellent damping capacity. The alloying elements of Mg-Al alloys have a significant impact on their properties. Mg-Al alloys with different compositions have different microstructures and properties. In addition, Mg-Al alloys are prone to form oxide films during welding due to the high reactivity of magnesium with oxygen in the air and the low melting point of magnesium.
Research Status and Application of Laser Melting Technology in the Welding of Mg-Al Alloys 激光熔敷技术在Mg-Al合金焊接中的研究现状和应用
Laser melting technology is a new welding technology that utilizes the high energy density of laser to melt the surface of the workpiece and form a molten pool, which cools and solidifies to form a weld joint. Laser welding has the advantages of high welding speed, high energy density, and small heat-affected zone, which can effectively avoid the formation of oxide films of Mg-Al alloys during welding and reduce the heat input of the welded joint.
The application of laser melting technology in the welding of Mg-Al alloys has been widely studied. The researchers have used laser melting technology to successfully weld different types of Mg-Al alloys, such as AZ31, AZ61, and ZK60, etc. The experimental results show that laser melting technology can significantly improve the weld quality of Mg-Al alloys, such as reducing the weld pores, improving the microstructure, and enhancing the mechanical properties. In addition, laser melting technology has been applied in various fields of Mg-Al alloys welding, such as dissimilar metal welding, laser welding with filler wire, and laser welding of thin Mg-Al alloy sheets.
Influencing Factors of Laser Melting Technology on the Microstructure and Properties of Mg-Al Alloys 激光熔敷技术对Mg-Al合金组织和性能的影响因素
The microstructure and properties of the Mg-Al alloy welded joint are affected by a series of factors such as laser power, welding speed, shielding gas, and post-welding heat treatment. The laser power is the main energy source of laser melting technology, and it directly affects the melt depth and width of the weld joint. The welding speed affects the energy density of the laser on the workpiece surface, the cooling rate of the molten pool, and the grain size of the weld joint. The shielding gas can reduce the oxidation of the molten pool and affect the microstructure and properties of the welded joint. Post-welding heat treatment can further refine the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of the Mg-Al alloy welded joint.
Future Development Trend and Challenges of Laser Melting Technology in the Welding of Mg-Al Alloys 激光熔敷技术在Mg-Al合金焊接中的未来发展趋势和挑战
Laser melting technology has broad application prospects in the welding of Mg-Al alloys, but there are still some challenges. Firstly, the high thermal conductivity and low melting point of magnesium increase the difficulty of laser welding of Mg-Al alloys. Secondly, the formation of oxide films and porosity during magnesium alloy welding requires precise control of the laser energy and shielding gas. Thirdly, the cost of laser equipment is relatively high, which limits the promotion and application of laser melting technology in the welding industry.
In the future, the development of laser melting technology in the welding of Mg-Al alloys should focus on the following aspects: the optimization of laser parameters to achieve high-quality welding of Mg-Al alloys; the development of new high-energy laser sources to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of welding; the use of advanced welding processes such as hybrid laser welding to improve the welding performance of Mg-Al alloys; the development of online monitoring and control technology to improve the automation level of welding; and the establishment of a standardized Mg-Al alloy laser welding process to promote the industrial application of laser melting technology in the welding of Mg-Al alloys.
Conclusion
Laser melting technology is an effective method for the welding of Mg-Al alloys with non-equilibrium composition. The application of laser melting technology can effectively improve the welding quality and performance of Mg-Al alloys, and it has broad application prospects. The future development of laser melting technology in the welding of Mg-Al alloys needs to focus on the optimization of laser parameters, the development of new high-energy laser sources, the use of advanced welding processes, the development of online monitoring and control technology, and the establishment of a standardized Mg-Al alloy laser welding process.