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Abstract
Accurate measurement of water content in produced fluids is essential for the efficient and safe operation of oil wells. Water cut measurement in oil wells is done by various methods. However, these methods have some limitations that affect the accuracy of the results. This paper presents an analysis of the sources of error in water cut measurement in oil wells and proposes measures to minimize the errors. The study focuses on the Shengli oil field in China, which is one of the largest oil fields in the country. The study found that the major sources of errors in water cut measurements include instrument calibration, sampling, and environmental factors. The paper suggests that proper calibration of the instruments, careful sampling techniques, and a better understanding of the environmental factors can lead to more accurate water cut measurements.
Introduction
The Shengli oil field is located in Shandong province, China. It is one of the largest oil fields in China, with an estimated production of million barrels per day. The oil field has a complex structure, with multiple reservoirs of different depths and qualities. The production of oil and gas from the Shengli oil field involves the extraction of fluids such as oil, gas, and water from underground reservoirs. The fluids are pumped to the surface through various wellheads and pipelines, where they are separated and processed. The water content of the produced fluids is an important parameter that must be measured accurately for effective and safe production.
Water cut is the ratio of water volume to total produced fluid volume. It is an essential parameter that must be measured accurately to optimize production and prevent well damage. There are various methods for measuring water cut in oil wells, including gravimetric, optical, capacitance, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of technique depends on factors such as well type, fluid composition, and budget.
Sources of error in water cut measurement
Despite the availability of various measurement methods, accurate water cut measurement in oil wells remains a challenge. The following are the major sources of error in water cut measurement:
Instrument calibration: The accuracy of water cut measurement depends on the accuracy of the instrument used. Calibration of the instruments is necessary to ensure accurate measurements. Calibration errors can occur due to various factors such as temperature, pressure, aging, and wear. If the instruments are not calibrated properly, errors can occur, leading to inaccurate water cut measurements.
Sampling: The accuracy of water cut measurement also depends on the accuracy of the sample collected. Samples collected for water cut measurement must be representative of the entire produced fluid volume. The sampling technique used can affect the accuracy of the water cut measurement. For instance, if the samples are not collected at the right depth or location, the water cut measurement can be inaccurate.
Environmental factors: Environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, and salinity can affect the accuracy of water cut measurement. In cold weather, for example, the water may freeze, making it difficult to separate from the oil. Changes in pressure and salinity can also affect the accuracy of water cut measurements.
Measures to minimize error in water cut measurement
To minimize the errors in water cut measurement, the following measures can be taken:
Instrument calibration: Calibration of instruments is essential to ensure accurate water cut measurements. The instruments should be calibrated regularly to ensure that they are working correctly. Proper calibration procedures should be followed, and the instruments should be calibrated using standard methods.
Sampling: Samples for water cut measurement should be collected using appropriate techniques. The samples should be collected at the right depth and location to ensure that they are representative of the produced fluid. The samples should also be taken at regular intervals to ensure that changes in water content are detected.
Environmental factors: Environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, and salinity should be taken into consideration when measuring water cut. The instruments used for water cut measurement should be suitable for the environment in which they are used. Proper handling and storage of the samples should also be considered to avoid changes in water content.
Conclusion
Water cut measurement is a critical parameter in the efficient and safe production of oil and gas. Accurate measurement of water cut is essential to optimize production and prevent well damage. The major sources of error in water cut measurement are instrument calibration, sampling, and environmental factors. Measures such as proper calibration of instruments, careful sampling techniques, and consideration of environmental factors can help minimize the errors in water cut measurement. It is, therefore, essential to understand the sources of error in water cut measurement and take appropriate measures to ensure accurate measurements.