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Translation of Long Sentences
10. 1 英语长句的翻译措施
我们懂得，英语中的重点内容总是在前，而汉语中的重点内容却在后。“西方人喜欢抽象，我们中国人喜欢详细，长于综合”（王力）。英国散文作家江纳生 • 斯威夫特（Jonathan Swift）曾说过这样一句名言：“Proper words in proper places make the true definition of a style.” （合适的词放在合适的地方，就是好文章。 ）
长句翻译，首先应从分析理解下手，找出主句、从句、修饰成分，弄清各部分之间的语法关系，辨明互相间的逻辑关系，分清上下层次，理顺前后次序和联络。在掌握中心内容的基础上，找出关键部分，按先易后难的原则，把易于识别、判断的部分先予以处理，然后处理一时拿不准的部分，这些部分如同数学中的未知数X、Y、Z，可以通过已知条件和逻辑判断来处理。最终根据汉语的语言特点、习惯和体现方式；根据意义和体现的需要，按照逻辑关系，如条件、因果、时间先后次序来翻译，同步可在形式方面作些合适的调整变通。
10. 顺译法（Translation in Original Order）
长句翻译最常用的措施还是顺译法。顺译即顺着原文词序或句序翻译，当然不是逐字翻译，也不排斥个别词或词组的倒置。顺译首先仍要抓中心、找关键。假如是简单句，就要抓出中心词、中心意义。主语是什么？谓语是什么？假如是复合句，就要抓引导多种从句的关键连词，弄清从句的性质，分清句子构造和论述层次，理清头绪和主次，注意语气衔接，按照句子次序从前去后翻译。
例1：The successful testing of atomic and hydrogen bombs and guided missile and the launching and accurate recovery of man-made earth satellites are important indications of our new level in science and technology.
【译文】原子弹、氢弹、导弹试验成功，人造地球卫星的发射成功和精确回收，集中标志着我。
【解析】这是一种简单句，句中共有五个并列连词“and”，其中四个在主语里,第一种连接着“bombs”的两个定语“atomic”和“hydrogen”；第二个连接着介词“of”的两个并列宾语“bombs”和“guided missiles”; 第三、四个连接着句中三个并列的主语“testing, launching”和“accurate recovery”; 第五个连词接着介词“in”的两个并列宾语“science”和“technology”。翻译时，可把第一、二、三、五连词可省略不译，然后按顺译法则可获得满意译文.
例2：Although, in the last century, it was accepted that the body has been programmed to last for seventy years, until the 1960s it was all too obvious that very few bodies ever did, and for a man to enjoy good health in old age was exceptional.
【译文】虽然在上个世纪，人们普遍认为人能活到70岁，不过事实很清晰，20世纪60年代此前，很少有人能活到这个年龄。至于老年时享有一种健康的体魄， 那更是罕见的了。
例3：We depend upon the sun’s rays for the light and warmth which keep us alive, but there are some kinds of rays from the sun which would burn us to death if we were not protected from them.
【译文】我们靠太阳的光和热生存，不过太阳光中有几种射线，假如我们不加防护，就会把我们烧死。
课堂互动1: 用顺译法翻译下列句子
1. How these two things—energy and matter—behave, how they interact one with the other, and how people control them to serve themselves make up the substance of two basic physical science, physics and chemistry.
2. As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire—for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation.
3. The development of industrial technology largely strengthened human physical capabilities, enabling people to harness more energy, process and shape materials more easily, travel faster, and so on while the development of microelectronics extends mental capabilities, enabling electric “intelligence” to be closely related to a wide range of products and processes.
4. There are various categories of bag ladies: those who live on the streets, claiming they enjoy the freedom from constraints of society; those who became homeless because a relative died or because they couldn't keep up rent payments, and they didn't know where to go or how to apply for relief; and quasi bag ladies who have an anchor point—a sister or brother whom they can visit once in a while to take a bath.
(bag ladies=shopping bag ladies，指挎着购物袋在都市里到处流浪的女人)