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Part [
Questions 1一10 are based on Passage L (30 points, 3 points each)
Passage 1
Searching for Utopia
While most of the world seems to be motivated by more money• better televisions, more powerful cars, the highest-tech computers♦ bigger houses# there are some independent souls who arc tired of "the rat-race" that is. the stressful pressures of working hard to get ahead. Since around 1990. there has been a slow but steady n«c in ^intcmional communiuesw in the U. S. An intentional community is a group of people who have chosen to live together with a common purpose Although quite diverse in philosophy and lifestyle^ each of these groups places a high priority on a sense of community, in other wordst the feeling of belonging and mutual support. There were 300 intentional communities listed in the 1990 edition of the Intentional Communities Directory! by 1995. this had grown to 6001 and it is estimated that there are now several thousand, listed and unlisted> in operation. These communities vary in size, but in the 600 Hated communities in 1995, total population> including children, was estimated at 24 >000.
At first glance> the intentional community movement appears quite diverse. It is multi-gcneratioxul• u e. with ages ranging from children to seniors. They may choose to live together on a piece of rural land* in a suburban centre» or in an urban neighbourhood. In some communities, individuals own their own land and housei in others• these things are shared. There is a wide variety af choices regarding standard o( living — some embrace voluntary simplicity while others have full access to the products and services of today's society. Even the purposes vary widely. For example* communities have been formed to create great family neighbourhoodsT to live ecologically sustainable lifestyles> or Mmply to live with others who »harr their values. Some arc secular while others are committed to a common religious belief.
What unites the intentionftl community movement is its members* proud rejection of mainsiream consumer values^ Nearly all communities encourage sharing items members
don" ! need to own pnvntely• for cxamplct washing m*chine»t trucks. BwirnnnnK pool・. Many communitieR *rrvr a* model environmentAl or teaching centers lor suntAinable agriculture^ For exjtmplct wThc F<crm”. a large cooperative community in rum! Tennrs»rr does not reject competitive hgriEii practices but rather, commits to a vinton o( rnvironmentally friendly bunincnAe Members of "The FarmM work in scvernl nnmlUncalr induAthcB including nohr electronicBe aohr car research • and a publishinK company for altrrnntive book%
An exumplc of an intcntionnl community committed to voluntary Mniplicity in Vn»hon Co liouaing Cornmunity* Itu members choose to live in Bfnnll unpamted wood hounr«> shingled with crd・n MUnclr MnrtinH decided to leave New York in 1989 and move Him fnmily to thr Vn^hon ( oHouhinH， Hr and hin hmily live on little money• dot/1 own n computer• and (orbid anythinK with the Diuncy label on it. Rather than playing Mysi on the cnmputrre the family uprndn their evcniHK playing old lanhioned curd Riirncsu or rrnchnK
， RcsidcntB live in »cpnratc dwelliriR!i but homcn are connected by dirt rondji. there nrr )3 acres «f rornmunwl Und. nil rc^idcntu Attend bimonthly meetings^ and every month there is a work pnrty in which everybody pitchm in with outdoor chor^R.
Thrte communiticti dre the newcat expren^ion of the 300 year-old Anicncnn desire to build n non hierarchical« ar equal• community with vuIuck unrorniptrd by thr Inrgcr %ocirtyt It wam thin denirr to form n new. idr«l community which brounHi the Pilgrim* to the U. S. in the early 17th century^ 300 you，Inter• it i・ still tmpoiisiblc to find n community ihnt Has achieved perfection. I hr prohlerns w< nee out thereH in the mainntrrAm greed, difihonemy• eMomnu com|irtiuon« fnctionalmm nil mnnAgc to find thnr way into Alternative cultures too. However > intentional communities have a much lower crime r«te than their tnninwtrcam neighbours• nnd claim a more caring and MtinfyinK liimtylr. They nre committed to idcah of ecology< coopcrAtion* nnd family • even though they may oftrn fail to rcuch those idcalii perfectly. Their utopian vision provider a 血Ils好 to the pner nnd purpoMc of modern Amcricnn society.
Rcud Pa»agt 1 and find the definition! for each of the folloMrlng In the piu^axe. Write your answer* on your answer sheet.
L the rut-racei
an imentional community i
senne of communityi
multkgenerationalt
5, "The Fmm\
Read PaM&agc 1 again and find which the underlined word(t) In each of the following wnlences refer to.
6> • • • hy 1995. thia had grown to 600. nnd it is eslimated that there «re now ncvcral thouNinde ee (punucriiph 1)
1.... in others• theftr things nre shnrcd< (pnragrHph 2)
& Its members choose to lie in small unpainted wood houses. .. (paragraph 4)
9. He and his family live on little money• … (paragraph 4)
】0. They are committed to ideas of ecology• cooperation, and family. • . (paragraph 5) Part 0
Questions 11—20 arc based on Passage 2. (30 pointst 3 points each)
Passage 2
The Most Innovative City
(11) Problems such as poverty t crime, public education> and pollution control plague the majority of the worldFs cities. Each one, it seemst is struggling to avoid urban disaster. But Cuntiba> Brazil9 a city of L 6 million people* is dealing with these problems. This little-known city in southeast Brazil is being rccognued
as the place that has solutions to many of the worlds growing urban problems.
(12) Through this programt more than 70% of its irash is recycled — compared with the 25% in Los Ange!es< Christano Pinheiro, a seven-year-old boy shows how it's done. At the start of the school year. Pinheiro traded 8 pounds of recyclable garbage for a packet of new notcboukii. Ench wcck> he nnd his two older broihcrsi exchnngr trash for fresh (ruit or 2 pounds of protein-rich beans. The proxram helps the poorf In 1998. the city exchnnKcd nearly 2 million pounds of food. Eaater wgs and 26»OOO ( hrifitman cuks for recyclable trash. Hundred* of quilts for the needy were ntuffed with crunhed niyrofuavn^ Christiano was one of poor children who received these nuppliea, (13t
(H) Old worn out equipment w«5 frequently being replaced with nrw technology and equipment. Like every other city# old. yet unable materials were being dumped around the city of Curitiba^ Thin gave engineers And wrchitectn an opportunity to work together to u»e the materiah crcotivcly. Old wooden telephone poles arc now reused in office buildings. hridgcJi find public nquurca. Retired buses hnvr become mobile clasnroornH (or Adult eduouion. MVirtually everything has marc thun one Mid Mayor Rnfnel Green. whernv airy office overlooking n park in nude of old poles and gtais* juKt a matter of figuring out how to reuae things und then tcachinR people how to do it."
(15) The htca! ttdditian* arc the LiHhthouncA of Learning« biucd on the «reaf liKhthoufie ond hbrnry in AiexAndria. Egypt, one of the ancient worlds ^cvcn wonders. The first lighthouse was built an an exprnment in 1995 to determine exactly who would uac it. and the effect it would have on the Aurroundirix neighborhood. Within six months of beinw opened. it wan clear thnt it w・s popular Soon M(tcrf a lighthounr was built in each of thr city19 ncighborh(x)d»<
(16) HOnc of the lighthouses is three blocks from my home, so 1 use it for ail my
school projects said Deucina Costa t a high school senior who stops in every couple of weeks. "So do my 10-year-old brother and 12-year-old sisten Mom lets them come because it S safe. " Now. the lighthousrs have become the foc^il point of neighborhoods nnd have cut crime rates. They each cost about $ 180,000. (17)
( 18〉 Unlike other cities where government buildings arc located in an often isolated« high rent area* government offices in Curitiba are accessible to everyone on what is known as Citizen Streets. These Citizen Streets are colorful covered avenues of government offices and shop^ where residents can pay utility bills* get a marriage licensee have a haircut ♦ buy groceries or file a police report. And instead of toning the city into commercial • institutional and leisure facilities as most cities do> Curitiba^ planners have merged them all together so that people can use their time effectively at 8 minimum cost. The Citixcn Streets
hwve 600 scat open thentern. sports nrcASt nnd clnsnrooms that offer profeji<iioniil training for $ 1 a cour«e. In one recent computer cIasBi Marta Prnha. m 28-yenr old teacher> Mid she enrolled breaunr w lhe pricr is With my income# thin is the only route to
Hclvnnccmcnt."
(19) Short courneii on how to make better use of the environment arc tailored (ar
homemnker!%t contmctorM and merchants, faxi drivers hnvc to take a courne to gel an opcrutar *5 lirrnur^ By the end c>( 1993
・ 34 environmentally (riendly doyen re centers were up «nd runnings Children Ret n ehnnee to interact • nnd lenrn About their environment. The activitic!! include miikinx inoks of fncing extinction from mngaxine They arc
then »old in a string of xouvrnir ^hnpst with profits helping lo puy fur the foctlitle^ In small Harden* out buck, the kid* grow vcgctnblca for their unackx.
« MWrf re trying to crente n whole new net of Attifudru and a ncn!»e of invulvemcnt in thit City." Grcoi naid. (20)
Skim 2 und then choose from the fallowing list an upprupriate sentence to fill In each of (he blanks In Ihr piuMgc.
Environmental efforrji wrre only m arnftll pnrt of the plan (or Curitiba^
“To the people ol Curitilm* thia city is the bent human invention there M.”
('• Cuntinunl migration and lack of city planning hm created an unfriendly environment for many cities in rhe world today.
IX Household gnrbagr was not thr only reason to brKin a recycle pmgmm.
E "h'li cheaper to build libranct than prisonssaid GrccA.
F. The brightly coloured l)ghthou»c!i have 5> 000-volume librAries on the first floor• rcAdiriK room* on thr second Hnd n guard in n light tower that trAnnmitM ・ strong benm to provide community necurKy.
Like rno»i other overcrowded nnd poor cities in the world• Cuntiba had a serious problem♦ until it introduced it» wgArlmgr th砒 it not progrAm.
H. In 1991. Cuntibe built the Free University for the Environment — from old telephone poles.
L Curitiba is now known as the worlds recycling capitoL
Cuntiba in also taking governmeni to the people.
Part QI
Read Passage 3 and decide whether the following statements arc <n>c or false. Write T for true and F for False on your answer &heeL (20 pointst 2 points each)
Passage 3
The English Character
The English, rs b race, have the reputation of being very different form all other notionalities. including their closest neighbors* the French> Belgians and Dutch. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed many attitudes and habits which distinguish him from other nationalities
Broadly speaking« the Englishman is a quiet < shy> reserved person who is fully relaxed only among people he knows well. When he encounters strangers or foreigners he often seems uneasy• even embarrassed> You have only to witness a commuter train nny morning or evening to sec the truth of thi& Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dosing in a corneri no one speaks. In fact* to do so would seem most unusuaL An English wit. pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors, once suggested< MOn entering a railway compartment shake hands with all the passengers. Needless to sayf he was not being serious. There is an unwntten but clearly understood code of behaviourw which, if broken> makes the person immediately the object of suspicion^
It is a well-known fact that the Engl