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Monarchy
Parliament
Government
Cabinet
Political Parties
General Election
Constitutional Monarchy
The King or Queen is the personification of the State.
The Constitution
Britain doesn’t have a constitution written down in a single document. The constitution flows from(出自，来自)6 sources:
1) The Royal Prerogatives 皇家特权
2) *Statute Laws 成文法
3) *Common Laws 一般法, 判例法
4) *Conventions 习惯法
5) Authoritative Opinions 权威意见
6) European Union Laws 欧盟法
Israel and Britain are the only two countries without written constitutions.
英国宪法不是一种详细的法律文本，但实际上其大部分内容还是以成文法的形式出现的，包括由议会通过的法例、法院的判例和国际公约等等。除此之外，英国宪法的法律渊源还包括英国议会通例和国王特权。
Parliament consists of 3 constituent parts: they must all agree to pass any given legislation
Legislature (立法机关) = Parliament
Parliament is the highest legislative authority in the UK – the institution responsible for making and repealing (废止) all the UK laws. It’s also known as the Legislature.
Function:
Make all the UK laws;
Scrutinize (审查) government policy, administration & expenditure;
Hear appeals (上诉) in the highest Court of Appeal (最高上诉法院)in Britain;
Debate the major issues of the day.
What’s the meaning of “parliament”?
(A place for argument and debate)
The word parliament comes from the verb “to parley”, that is, to discuss or talk.
The birth of this term:
the king occasionally summoned barons and representatives from counties and towns if he wanted to raise money.
The birth of Parliament
The House of Lords
Those who were summoned “by name”.
At first it’s only a gathering of barons and by the 13th century, kings found they couldn’t make ends meet by asking money from this quite small group.
And later they widened it to include representatives of counties, cities and towns.
The House of Commons
Representatives of communities
The Commons quickly gained in political strength and in return they wanted an increasing say(发言权)in what the king was doing.
Palace of Westminster
(Houses of Parliament)
House of Lords
House of Commons
Red Chamber 红厅
Green Chamber 绿厅