文档介绍：该【高考推理判断阅读题答题指导公开课一等奖课件赛课获奖课件 】是由【梅花书斋】上传分享，文档一共【11】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【高考推理判断阅读题答题指导公开课一等奖课件赛课获奖课件 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。推理判断
，03
If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.
假如科学试验像科学杂志刊登的科学汇报显示的那样完全按事先的计划去规划和实行，那么，对管理层来说，期待研究可以产生可以用金钱衡量的成果是完全合理的。
正话反说
作者的言外之意是，科学试验总有不可预测的现象，产生的成果也难以预测，因此不能肯定有效益。
[A]“也许不像预料的那样有利可图”.
The author implies that the results of scientific research _______.
A. may not be as profitable as they are expected
B. can be measured in dollars and cents
C. rely on conformity to a standard pattern
D. are mostly underestimated by management
根据代词
Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.
Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”
It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics .
A. benefited a lot from their mathematical knowledge
B. shed light on disciplined school management
C. was brought about by privileged home training
D. owed a lot to the technological development
A. “它们很大程度上得益于数学”。
技工们有文化并且熟知算术、几何学、三角学”， 敏锐的外国观测家将美国人的适应能力和创新能力与这个教育优势联络在一起。
通过从句和语法推理
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U. S., when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan—but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.
From Paragraph 4 we can infer that ______.
A. the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
B. WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
C. the costs of the globalization process are enormous
D. the Standard Oil Trust might have threatened competition
目前难以预料，数家石油企业的合并与否会再次对竞争导致威胁。1前美国的原则石油联合企业(Standard Oil Trust)被解散，就是由于当时人们紧张它会对竞争构成威胁。
D “原则石油联合企业也许曾对竞争形成过威胁.
might have threatened是虚拟语气，表达对过去的推测。
Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
This development—and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead—has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.
Altogether, the Us population rose in the 1970s by million people—numerically the third-largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.
Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War Ⅱ, and the pattern still prevails.
Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, America in 1970s .
A. enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history
B. witnessed a southwestern shift of population
C. underwent an unparalleled period of population growth
D. brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World War Ⅱ
运用数字推理
20世纪70年代，美国人口总共增长了2 320万——从数字上看，这是有纪录以来期人口增长的第三高峰。虽然如此，%，除了大萧条时期，这是美录最低的增长率
第二次世界大战以来，美国人不停移居西部和南部，目前这种趋势仍然存在
[B]选项是对的答案，而[D]选项与该段内容恰好相反。
用类比的例子，进行推理演绎
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when ______.
A. he has given up his smoking habit
B. he has made great efforts in his work
C. he is keen on learning anything new
D. he has tried to determine where he is on his journey
本文指出看待人的成长有两个观点：一是视为成果，一是视为过程。第一段详细讲到第一种观点的详细内容。它是大部分人都持有的观点，看重外在成果由于其可以量化，可以通过详细事例反应出来，如：工人得到升迁、学生成绩提高和外国人学会了一门新的语言。第二段讲第二种观点的详细内容：成长是人在遇到新的经历和意外险阻时体现出来的态度和情感，而不是实在的成果。问的是根据第一种观点，如下哪一种是成长体现。
通过文中类比的例子可知只有[A]选项是实在的成果。
The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.
From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained .
A. secretly and vigorously B. openly and enthusiastically
C. easily and momentarily D. verbally and spiritually
与推理题在解题思绪和措施上有许多相似之处，不过推理题偏重于推理过程，而结论题偏重于归纳过程。可以通过首尾段、文章构造、或归纳整理各段信息迅速理解主题。然后再通过主题与细节的关系进行合乎理性的归纳。
结论题
该段谈到人们对雄心的袭击远多于对它的维护，因此本应是一种健康公开的品质得不到诸多支持。第四句和第五句指出了不公开体现雄心带来的不良后果，由此可以推出人们不应当隐瞒自已的雄心。此外，纵观全文，作者倡导的是对的看待雄心，坦言自已的理想
B “公开而热情地”是作者倡导的看待雄心的对的态度。
写作意图、态度、观点
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.
A. the process of specialisation and professionalisation
B. the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
C. the change of policies in scientific publications
D. the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
前一段谈到，业余研究者进入专业领域很难的趋势在某些科学领域尤为突出，英国地质学的发展就阐明了这一问题。后一段通过对19世纪英国地质学及其出版物的变化、研究方式的变化、非专业人员研究过程的困难等的陈说，阐明专业人员和业余人员之间的分化越来越明显。
[A] “职业化和专业化形成的过程”。
作者的态度和观点重要有三种
1. 支持、赞同、乐观
2. 反对、批评、怀疑、消极
3. 中立、客观
作者的态度常用某些形式体现出来：
1) 形容词、副词、和某些不确定意义的动词Impossible, strange, seem
2) 还通过举例来阐明自已的观点和态度。
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”
The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ___.
A. impolite to new arrivals B. very conscious of their godlike role
C. entitled to some privileges D. very busy even during lunch hours
根据全文的主旨以及作者的语气，从那个有关医生的笑话里推理医生和上帝有相似的特点：医生无礼、傲慢，自以为像上帝同样。接着再推测护士对医生的见解是：非常在意自已上帝般的角色。这种推理是一种比较复杂的过程。
[B]选项为对的答案。
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
It can be inferred from the text that public services______.
A. have benefited many people
B. are the focus of public attention
C. are an inappropriate subject for humor
D. have often been the laughing stock
该段末句“假如拿公共服务行业作为替罪羊(scapegoats)去进行评论，你就会处在安全境地”让人读了不是很明白，禁不住要去推想究竟为何公共服务行业这样特殊呢?联络上文，前面的内容说的是“开玩笑取乐要看听众是不是自已同行业的人，假如不是就有也许招人反感”。一番推理之后，才明白这句话的此外一层未阐明的含义，
[D] 公共服务行业是大家常常谈论的共同笑料。
另一方面，根据题干的关键词迅速搜索定位以便确定推理根据的范围，运用语法、词汇、语境线索，理解单句的含义，弄清上下文的逻辑关系，然后按题意进行推理。题目也许规定考生对某句话或数句话进行对的理解或释义，也也许从某句话或某段话中推测出一两件事实。