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1. 定义：在复合句中一般修饰名词，代词的从句
2. 先行词：一般是被修饰的名词或代词
3. 引导词：关系代词
who, whom , whose, which, that ,etc.
关系副词：
when ,where, why
先行词的体现形式？
（四种面具之一）：
1. 一种词（名词或代词）
He is a man who means what he says.
先行词是名词短语 a man
Even when homeless individuals manage to find
a ____ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day wandering the street.
（完形填空）
A. lodging B. shelter C. dwelling D. house
先行词（四种面具之二）：
2. 一种短语
Many life’s problems which were solved by asking
family members, friends or colleague are beyond
the capability of the extended family to resolve.
(1995年阅读第三篇)
先行词是：many life’s problems
许多此前可以通过问询家庭组员，朋友或者同事就能处理
的生活问题，是目前的大家庭无力处理的。
先行词（四种面具之二）：
2. 一种短语
In Europe, as else where, multi-media groups have
been increasingly successful; groups which bring
together television, radio, newspapers, magazines
and publishing houses that work in relation to one
another. (翻译）
在欧洲，就像在其他地方同样，多媒体集团越来越成功
了，这些集团把互相间有亲密联络的电视台、电台 、报
社、杂志社和出版社整合到了一起。
先行词（四种面具之三）：
3. 一种分句
The Greeks assumed that the structure of language
had some connection with the process of thought,
which took root in Europe long before people
realized how diverse languages could be.
( 英译汉）
希腊人认为，语言构造与思维过程之间存在着某种联络。
这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别此前就已经在
欧洲扎下了根。
先行词（四种面具之四）：
4. 一种完整的句子
He arrived one hour later, which annoyed his
girlfriend very much.
先行词是He arrived one hour later
他晚到了一种小时，这让他的女朋友很生气。
He refused to accept the offer, which made the work
more difficult.
Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and
a whole host of new intellectual and emotional
challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious
and need the ____ that comes from achieving
success and knowing that their accomplishments
are admired by others. (完形填空)
assistance B. guidance
C. confidence D. tolerance
青少年在不停调整，以适应身体、智力和情感上出现的一
系列新的变化和挑战，因此他们非常敏感，并且需要有自
信心，而这些自信心重要来自于获得成功以及懂得自已的
成绩被他人羡慕。
For workers it can mean an end to the security,
benefits and sense of _____ that came from being
a loyal employee. (1997年完形填空)
A. excitement B. conviction
C. enthusiasm D. importance
对于雇员来说，这（雇佣临时工的趋势）意味着
失去（此前长期工享有的）待遇和安全感，以及
作为一名忠实雇员所具有的那种责任感。
关系代词作用？
（三位一体）
1. 关系代词替代先行词（代词功能）
Thank you for the book that you gave it to me (F).
2. 关系代词引导定语从句（具有连词功能）
There are thousands of islands in China, the largest of them is Taiwan (F)
3. 关系代词在从句中做成分（主语，宾语，定语，表语等）（句法功能）
The war and the sufferings which caused were still very clear in
his memory (F).
The manager，whose department Mr King worked，knew
the secret later that evening (F)．
Charlie Chaplin, for whose life was once very difficult, later
became world famous （F）.