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独立主格
虚拟语气
非谓语动词
主谓一致
倒装
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独立主格特征
1. 充当句子的状语。
2. 有自已的主语，同句子的主语不一致。
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词）
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.
c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle).
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真题剖析
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them.
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because
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虚拟语气（1）
从句
主句
与现在事实相反
Were;
动词过去式
Should/would/could +动词原形
与过去事实相反
Had +done
Would/should/could+have +done
与将来事实相反
Were to+动词原形
Should +动词原形
Should/would/could +动词原形
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虚拟语气（2）
1. （should）+动词原形
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句
部分名词/动词(表达提议，劝说，决定等) +that从句
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式
would rather +动词过去式
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真题剖析
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . …
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home.
53. A. ordered B. pleaded
C. decided D. demanded
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非谓语动词
动名词、分词、不定式。
积极或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done)
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been)
To在什么状况下作介词，什么状况下作不定式引导词。
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真题剖析
() … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping
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主谓一致 (1)
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语一般用单数形式。
How you got there doesn’t concern me.
Growing vegetables needs constant watering.
2. 表达时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on.
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语一般用单数形式。
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water).
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主谓一致 (2)
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。
Everyone knows that you’ve come here.
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的状况例外)
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等）
He no less than John is interested in literature.
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