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Ethical economics
Reading: Coffeenomics
1
Vocabulary: Financial and trade terms
2
Speaking: The economics of your country
3
Grammar: Articles
4
Listening: Fairtrade
5
Speaking: Giving reasons and benefits
6
Key words and expressions
economics n. 经济学，经济状况，经济原因
visual aids 视觉教具，视觉设备
deluxe adj. 高级的，豪华的，奢侈的
cappuccino n. 卡布其诺咖啡（加牛奶或奶油用蒸汽加热煮出来的浓咖啡）
caffein(e) n. 咖啡因
addiction n. 嗜好，瘾
disparity n. 悬殊，差异
charities n. 慈善团体，善举
coffee shop chains 连锁咖啡店，连锁咖啡屋
gross domestics product (GDP) 国内生产总值
staple crop 重要作物
mark-up 涨价，标高售价
importer n. 进口商
service charge 服务费
exports n. 出口产品
outgoings n.(复) 支出，开销
precinct n. 区域，管辖区，分区
staffing cost 劳工成本，雇工的开支
overheads n. 企业一般管理费用，平常开支
factor vt. 把..作为原因计入(in)，把..作为原因排除(out)
break-even 收支平衡，盈亏平衡
added cost 附加成本
irrespective adj. 不考虑，不问的，不顾的
market rates 市场价格
middleman n. 中间商
certification n. 认证
marketing initiative 营销倡议
scheme n. 计划
certified adj. 证明合格的，特有证件的
international certification mark 国际认证标志
catalyst n. 催化剂，刺激原因
agricultural commodity 农产品
minimum guaranteed price 最低保证价
social conscience 社会道德心，社会责任感
专有名词
Scandinavia 斯堪的纳维亚
有关背景知识
什么是道德经济学？
所谓道德经济学，与商业社会中效率与公平、发展与代价、经济与道德、自由与公平的关系问题有关。尽管有些国家经济高速增长，但生态环境却急剧恶化。有些经济高增长国家污染超标，出现高浓度的烟雾、酸雨、河湖污染，以及严重的森林砍伐和荒漠扩大症状。这和有关企业和政府追求片面经济增长有相称大的关系。据世界银行估计，亚洲有些是世界卫生组织推荐水平的5倍。污染性增长的经济代价非常巨大，难以计算。此外，作为生产者的农民也未在商品价格中得到应有的赔偿份额。
无可否认，经济发展必须受到法律和道德的监督和制约，企业必须增进教育发展等社会行为。“君子好财，取之有道”—这句话反应了合理化或道德化的经济学最原始的道理。有专家呼吁，在发展市场经济和建设创新型国家的过程中，应爱惜环境，保障生产者的权利，任何非法、非道德的“掠夺”致富都是对社会发展的阻碍。
1. The two photos below show the beginning and the end of the process of making coffee. Work in pairs. How many stages can you think of in between to complete the process?
?
coffee grown
- coffee picked
- coffee transported
- coffee packed
- coffee sold and shipped
- coffee sold on to shops
- coffee bought and drunk
2. Write in the correct letter, A-F, for the missing sentences to complete the text. There is one extra sentence.
A. This process alone adds at least 50% to its price.
B. Here, coffee production is the staple crop for many millions of growers.
C. The only bit controlled in the Fairtrade system is the price a farmer is paid for produce.
D. Coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world after oil.
E. It guarantees to pay growers a fixed proportion for their coffee, which is above standard market rates.
F. Local council taxes add another £25,000 to that.
Coffeenomics: the true cost of our caffeine addiction
The next time you hand over £3 for your deluxe cappuccino, ask yourself how much the roasted beans that went into that cup really cost. For your average cup of coffee, the producer receives roughly 10p – that’s about %. This disparity is causing increasing concern among some charities who believe that the excessive profits of coffee shop chains come at the expense of vulnerable coffee producers in countries like Ethiopia, Kenya or Latin America. (1)___________. For example, in Ethiopia alone, 15 million people depend on
B
the coffee trade, which constitutes around 50% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) and 90% of its exports. The average wage paid to laborers who pick the beans and work on farms is about 50p a day.
So where do the added costs come from? According to experts, by the time it is consumed by us in our homes or in a coffee shop, the bean may actually change hands up to 150 times, each time facing a mark-up as it is transported, roasted, packaged and sold. (2)___________. Then another 10% in export costs with freight and insurance before an importer takes over. Finally, it is sold to us in a coffee shop – and running a coffee shop is not cheap. For example, take your typical coffee shop in a shopping precinct, seating 75 inside and 50 outside. The rent is £20,000 a year. (3)__________. In other words, even before adding staffing costs and overheads, setting aside an amount for redecoration and maintenance on the property, this particular coffee shop needs to sell a minimum
A. This process alone adds at least 50% to its price.
B. Here, coffee production is the staple crop for many millions of growers.
C. The only bit controlled in the Fairtrade system is the price a farmer is paid for produce.
D. Coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world after oil.
E. It guarantees to pay growers a fixed proportion for their coffee, which is above standard market rates.
F. Local council taxes add another £25,000 to that.
A
F
of 50,000 coffees a year, or 200 coffees a day. Factor in these additional costs and we are probably talking about a break-even total of 400 coffees a day.
However, irrespective of how much we end up paying or the reasons why, the reality is that growers themselves see only a tiny proportion of that amount. Organizations like Fairtrade do try to make a difference. (4)___________. For example, a farmer selling a pound of Fairtrade Arabica coffee is paid $ compared to the world market price of $ a pound. The Fairtrade price also includes 5¢ which is invested back into community projects. Many shops and coffee bars do now offer Fairtrade coffee to customers alongside their standard offering, but not all of that inflated price goes to the grower. (5)_________. After that, mark-ups are determined by the retailers and middlemen. That said, at least Fairtrade is one small step that does help farmers around the world get a better price for their products.
A. This process alone adds at least 50% to its price.
B. Here, coffee production is the staple crop for many millions of growers.
C. The only bit controlled in the Fairtrade system is the price a farmer is paid for produce.
D. Coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world after oil.
E. It guarantees to pay growers a fixed proportion for their coffee, which is above standard market rates.
F. Local council taxes add another £25,000 to that.
C
E