文档介绍:该【水电平衡紊乱 】是由【知识徜徉土豆】上传分享,文档一共【74】页,该文档可以免费在线阅读,需要了解更多关于【水电平衡紊乱 】的内容,可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能,选择自己适合的文档,以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字,如需要获得完整电子版,请下载此文档到您的设备,方便您编辑和打印。第一节 正常水、电解质代谢平衡
体液分布
体液电解质组成
静水压和渗透压
*水钠平衡及紊乱
*钾平衡及紊乱
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一、体液分布(Distribution of body fluid:water,crystalloids、colloids) (占体重%)
成人(男) 儿童 新生儿 老年人
TBF(total body fluid) 60 65 80 52
Intracellular fluid 40 40 35 27
Extracellular fluid 20 25 45 25
Interstitial fluid 15 20 40 20
Plasma 5 5 5 5
ICF(24L)
ECF(12L)
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Male(60%)>Female(55%)
Most concentrated in skeletal muscle
TBF=×BW
ICF=×BW
ECF=×BW
影响体液量原因:年纪、性别、胖瘦
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4
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organ (tissue) water content
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fat 25%~30%
muscle 76%
bone 14%~46%
liver 70%
skin 72%
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is having higher proportion of body weight as fluid (water)? And Why?
1. Males or Females
or Obese
or Elderly
Quiz:
fatty person and a thin person with the same body weight lost the same volume of body fluid, whose condition is worse?
3. For a fatty person and a thin person with the same body weight, who is more sensitive when water is shortage?
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二、体液电解质组成(Composition of electrolyte in body fluids)
 Compartmental concentration (mEq/L)
Plasma Interstitial fluid Intracellular fluid
Positive ion  Na+ 142 140 10
(Cations) K + 5 5 150
Ca2+ 5 5
  Mg2+ 3 3 40
Total 155 153 200
Negative ion Cl 103 112 3
 (Anions) HCO3 27 28 10
HPO42 2 4 142
SO42 1 2 5
Protein(Pr ) 16 1 40
Others 6 6 —
Total 155 153 200
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三、静水压和渗透压
(Hydrostatic & Osmotic pressure)
1.静水压(Hydrostatic pressure)
相邻两个体液腔隙,因为压力不一样,水必定从压力高腔隙向压力低腔隙转移,这种促使水转移压力叫做静水压。
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
静水压
压力高
压力低
H2O
渗透压高
渗透压低
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
⊙
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
渗透压
H2O
2.渗透压(Osmotic pressure)
假如相邻两个体液腔隙静水压相等,而体液中溶质浓度不一样,那么水将由溶质浓度低(渗透压低)腔隙向溶质浓度高(渗透压高)腔隙转移,这种现象称为渗透。推进渗透力称为渗透压。
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Osmotic pressure in the body fluid:
Osmotic pressure of a solution depends on the amount of osmotic effective particles.
Water moves from areas of low osmolatity to areas of high osmolatity.
Osmotic pressure of ECF is roughly equivalent to ICF.
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Normal plasma osmotic pressure is 280~ 310 mOsm/L or mmol/L.
Plasma osmotic pressure contains colloid osmotic pressure and crystal osmotic pressure.
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Tonicity
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