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英语科技文选试题
课程代码：00836
PART A:VOCABULARY
Ⅰ.Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese, making changes when necessary.(10%)
无法挣脱旳
想象旳
周期旳
生产有经济价值之东西旳
异常旳
理由
同居
原则旳
外场
有特色旳
Ⅱ.Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper form.(10%)
take…into account burst forth to the tune of run for do…justice/do justice to…
in relation to cater for in response to after all draw on
is going to __________________________ President.
has two jobs; he can’t ______________________ both of them.
used the map to discover where she was _____________________ her surroundings.
company has changed some of its working practices _________________ criticism by
government inspectors.
’t get discouraged by setbacks; we are new to the work _______________________.
record company __________________________all tastes in music.
writer has to _________________________ his imagination and experience.
you are planning a garden party, you’ll have to ________ the weather ______.
shoots ________________ in spring.
city council had financed the new building ______________ over twelve million dollars.
Ⅲ.Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below.(10%)
contain first than protein in remain carbohydrates
later then with
Proteins are nutrients that build and repair body parts. Large parts of tissues—for instance, bone, muscle, and skin
—come from 21 . Foods such as chicken and other meats, eggs, fish, and nuts supply you 22 protein. Fats are nutrients that supply your body with energy. Fats 23 large amounts of energy. Salad dressing, butter, and cooking oils are foods high 24 fat. Carbohydrates are nutrients that also supply you with energy. What 25 is the difference between fats and carbohydrates? The body uses carbohydrates 26 for energy. The body stores fats; that is, it keeps them for 27 use. Then, if necessary, it uses the fats for energy. Foods that contain starches and sugars (for instance, bread and fruit) supply you with 28 . A person can 29 healthy only if he or she gets the correct amounts of each nutrient. You must not get more or less of a nutrient 30 your body can use.
PART B:TRANSLATION
Ⅳ.Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below.(10%)
given gigantic untangle reinforce typify
。
，我要放下工作去环游世界。
。
。
。
Ⅴ.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.(15%)
to this issue is that of inequalities of impact of the Green Revolution on various social groups. Quite apart from the advantages of scale, e. g. in the use of ground water for irrigation, large farmers inevitably had better access to information, credit and influence than did small farmers and they profited more from the new agricultural techniques, partly by adopting them earlier. However, adoption by small farmers eventually became widespread. The urban poor gained from the lower prices and greater supplies of food but the rural poor, especially the landless, have sometimes been disadvantaged. However, new agricultural technology should not be expected to stand proxy for social reform, and Lipton concludes that the technology per se (自身) was not to blame for the inequalities of impact; it met the criteria he would have specified for a technology to help the rural poor. As Frankel commented: “It is precisely the social blindness of modern technology that is encouraging the most disadvantaged sections of the agricultural community.”
PART C: READING COMPREHENSION
Ⅵ. Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket.(20%)
(A)
No layman, it is probably safe to assume, really understands Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Yet it is somewhat unnerving, to say the least, when somebody like MIT’s Victor Weisskopf, a National Medal of Science winner, claims not to understand it either. “It’s like the peasant who asks the engineer how the steam engine works,” Weisskopf says. “The engineer explains exactly how the steam moves through the engine, how all the parts move, and so on. And when he’s finished, the peasant says, ‘Yes, I understand all that. But where is the horse?’ That’s how I feel about general relativity. I know how it works in great detail, but I don’t understand where the horse is.”
Knowledge is not the same as understanding, of course. Doctors know how to treat what ails the human body, but rarely do they understand in detail how or why their treatments work. Many people know a great deal about quarks and quasars, dinosaurs and jumping genes without claiming to understand them in the least.
Even Isaac Newton admitted that he never understood gravity---something that later earned him Einstein’s greatest respect. Newton wrote: “It is inconceivable that inanimate brute matter should, without the mediation of something else which is not material, operate upon and affect other matter without mutual contact. That gravity should be innate, inherent, and essential to matter, so that one body may act upon another at a distance is to me so great an absurdity that I believe no man who has in philosophical matters a competent faculty of thinking can ever fall into it.”
Newton was the first to see that the fall of the apple and the orbit of the moon were propelled by the same force: gravity. Both to him and . Leibniz are attributed the development of differential calculus. To Newton calculus provided a way to predict the pull of the force of gravity at various distances from the Earth’s center. Newton knew precisely how gravity behaved; he just did not understand how it worked. But if Newton did not understand gravity, who did? What does understanding mean, anyway? It turns out that there is no single answer to that question.
In the first place, understanding means literally coming to terms. Confucius said, “The beginning of wisdom is calling things by their right names.”
Yet names alone are hardly enough. As Paul Hewitt, author of the popular college text Conceptual Physics, tells his students, “We understand many things, and we have names and labels for these things. And there are many things that we do not understand, and we have names and labels for these things also.” It is easy to answer the question “Why do things fall toward the earth?” by giving the phenomenon a name, like gravity, or even cured space. Whether or not this suffices for understanding depends entirely on how well you understand what the name represents
main purpose of the passage is to ______________.( )
A. illustrate the fact that few people really understand Einstein’s theory of general relativity
B. explain that true understanding is rarely acquired
C. argue for the essence of understanding
D. discuss the incompleteness of scientific understanding
telling the story about the peasant, Victor Weisskopf was _________.( )
A. ridiculing the peasant
B. ridiculing scientists
C. showing respect for the peasant
D. arguing for respect for scientists
to Issac Einstein, one of the incredible aspects of gravity is that _____.( )
A. it keeps people and buildings upright
B. it makes the apple fall to the ground
C. it affects objects in the universe that are far from each other
D. it is innate, inherent and essential
seems amazing that __________.( )
A. even Newton admitted that he didn’t fully understand gravity
B. nobody but Newton understood fully what gravity really means
C. it takes a horse to make an engine run
D. good doctors know how and why their medicine works to help their patients recover
can be said about names for things?( )
A. Names may not stand for things.
B. There are not enough names for understanding things.
C. Even the unknown things have names.
D. Names may have inadequacy for understanding things.
(B)
Government in the United States have long looked to Canada as a leading light of health care fairness and equity. From a distance, Canada may seem to have it all: modern medicine and universal insurance. Up close, the story is quite different. On June 9, the Supreme Court of Canada called the system dangerous and deadly, striking down key laws and turning the country’s vaunted health care system on its head.
The Supreme Court of Canada is arguably the most liberal high court in the Western world, having recently endorsed the constitutionality of gay marriage and medical marijuana. Most legal scholars expressed surprise that the justices even agreed to hear this appeal of a health care case twice dismissed by lower courts. Involving a man who waited almost a year for a hip replacement, the bench decided that the province of Quebec has no right to restrict the freedom of a person to purchase health care or health insurance. In doing so, they struck down two Quebec laws, overturning a 30-year ban on private medicine in the province.
This outcome would not have been possible without the persistence of one man: Jacques Chaoulli. A Montreal physician, Chaoulli was so angered when a government bureaucrat shut down his private family practice that he went on a hunger strike. After a month, he gave up and decided that only the courts could help his fight.
With an eye on a legal challenge, Chaoulli tried his hand at law school—but flunked out after a semester. Undeterred, he sought the help of various organizations to support his efforts. None would. He decided to proceed anyway, choosing to represent himself. His legal fight, costing more than a half million dollars, was funded largely by his Japanese father-in-law.
But Chaoulli was not completely alone. He asked one of his patients for help. A former chemical salesman with a bad hip, the patient agreed. Their argument was simple: Quebec’s ban on private insurance caused unnecessary suffering since waiting lists have grown so long for basic care.
The woes of Chaoulli’s patient are all too common. Canadians wait for practically any diagnostic test, surgical procedure, or specialist consultation. Many can’t even arrange general care. In Norwood, Ontario, for example, one family doctor serves the entire town, and he can only take 50 new patients a year. The town holds an annual lottery to choose the lucky 50.
According to Statistics Canada, approximately million Canadians lack a family doctor and are looking for one. Others seek more urgent care. Toronto was shaken recently when the media reported that a retired hockey legend was forced to wait more than a month for life-saving chemotherapy because of a bed shortage at the largest cancer hospital in the country.
to the passage, which of the following is true of Canada?( )
A. Gay marriage is legal in it.
B. Its health care system is the best in the world.
C. Its health care system has experienced a setback.
D. Its justices are the most liberal in the world.
were the legal scholars surprised when the justices heard the appeal of the health care case twice? ( )
A. The case was dismissed by lower courts.
B. They thought the case was a small one.
C. The justices failed to decide the case when they first heard the appeal.
D. The case was misrepresented.
FOR ________, the following may contribute to the ending of two Quebec laws and the lifting of a ban on private medicine in the province.( )