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人/报刊时文阅读
题源: 、g人金
“ 让孩子多亲近自然,孩子的心理会更健康
Woodland gives city kids better mental health
Children who live near woodland in a city have better mental health than children who do not. Researchers say children who visit and experience the great outdoors every day develop better thinking skills. They also have a lower risk of behavioural and emotional problems. Lead author of the research Mikael Maes, from University College London, talked about his research. He said: "These findings contribute to our understanding of the natural environment as an important protective factor for [a child's] cognitive (认知 的) development and mental health." Another report author, Professor Kate Jones, said seeing and hearing the sounds of nature provides psychological (心理的)benefits for children.
In the four-year study, researchers studied 3,568 children aged between 9 and 15 at 31 schools in London. They examined the links between the natural environment and thinking skills, mental health and overall well being (整 体健康). The researchers calculated how going to woodland and parks, and nblue space" like rivers, lakes and the sea, affected children's health. They asked children to take memory-based tests. The children who visited woodland every day scored higher on the tests. They also had a 17 per cent lower risk of emotional and behavioural problems. Mr Maes recommended all children experience nforest bathing11 or "forest therapyn. This is "being immersed (浸 A) in the sights, sounds and smells of a forest*'.
练习
I TRUE / FALSE判断正误
The article says children who live in cities have poor mental health.
Children who spend time in the great outdoors have better thinking skills.
The research is from a university of forestry in Canada.
A professor said the sounds of nature benefit children psychologically.
Researchers looked at the mental health of over 3,500 children.
The researchers said woodland was better for children than the sea.
Children who went to woodlands did better on memory-based tests.
A researcher said forest therapy was much better than forest bathing.
II MULTIPLE CHOICE 阅读理解
.What experience did researchers say helped children?
experience
of the great outdoors
one million trees
part in the research
.What do children who visit woodland have a lower risk of?
cities
fingers
and emotional problems
getting to university
.What is the university that conducted this research?

University
C. /; the D. /; /
作业 11 Is there old supermarket on Bridge Street?
A. a; the B. an; the
C. the; / D. an; /
作业12 We have lunch half past twelve.
A. a; at B. an; at C. /; at D. the; in
答案解析
人念题模精选
题模一:不定冠词及用法

【答案】 a worker; a European country
【解析】 考查不定冠词的使用。要根据冠词紧接的词的首字母发音,而不是字母。

【答案】an, a
【解析】 考查不定冠词的使用。要根据冠词紧接的词的首字母发音,而不是字母。
题模二:定冠词及用法
例121
【答案】C
【解析】 考查定冠词的使用。特指“你借给我的那本书”,故选C。
例122
【答案】D
【解析】 考查定冠词及不定冠词的使用。句意:看,有只猴子正在吃苹果。恩,这只猴子真可爱。第一 个空,指“一个苹果”,用第二个空指代上文中提到过的猴子,用故选D。
题模三:零冠词及用法

【答案】D
【解析】 考查零冠词的使用。球类运动前不加冠词,故选D。
例1・3・2
【答案】A
【解析】 考查零冠词及不定冠词的使用。力加交通工具表达交通方式时,不加冠词,但是由动词柩氏加
交通工具时,则需要用冠词,故选A。
人7起随堂练习

【答案】B
【解析】 考察冠词。泛指“一个‘‘使用a/an,单词eraser [I lei zn]以元音音标开头,所以使用an。

【答案】A
【解析】 考察冠词。泛指“一个”使用a/an,单词university [ju: m V3 : si ti ]发音为辅音开头,所以使用
a o

【答案】A
【解析】 考察冠词。泛指使用且以元音开头使用an,特指使用the。

【答案】A
【解析】Apple为元音音素,用an。

【答案】A
【解析】 冠词,考查冠词的特殊用法,在音乐乐器前需加冠词〃26。

【答案】 an arm; an eye; a book; an umbrella
【解析】 考查不定冠词的使用。要根据冠词紧接的词的首字母发音,而不是字母。
随练L7
【答案】B
【解析】 冠词,乐器前加所e,球类运动用零冠词。
【答案】1. an animal; 2. an ear; 3. a bike; 4. an x; 5. an hour; 6. a university
【解析】 考查不定冠词的使用°要根据冠词紧接的词的首字母发音,而不是字母°
作业2
【答案】 1. an; 2. an, a; 3. an; 4. a, an
【解析】 考查不定冠词的使用。要根据冠词紧接的词的首字母发音,而不是字母。
作业3
【答案】B
【解析】 考查冠词。泛指“一个”使用a/an,字母“。”发音为元音开头,所以使用an。
作业4
【答案】C
【解析】 冠词,根据句意“一个”可知用不定代词,alarm©« m]以元音音标开头,故用an。
作业5
【答案】B
【解析】 冠词,字母以元音音标开头,故用an。
作业6
【答案】D
【解析】 考查冠词。泛指使用不定冠词a/an,ID[,aidi:]元音音标开头使用an,特指使用the。
作业7
【答案】A
【解析】 考查冠词的使用。小e是定冠词,指上文提及的,故选A。
作业8
【答案】B
【解析】 冠词,根据乐器可知前面需要冠词〃26,后句属于固定用法p/oy Mess。故选项B正确。
作业9
【答案】B
【解析】 冠词,根据固定用法可知p/ay第二个属于固定用法,故选项B正确。
作业10
【答案】B
【解析】 考查冠词的使用。西洋乐器前要加定冠词加e,球类运动前不加冠词,固定用法,故选B。
作业11
【答案】D
【解析】 考查冠词。O/d为元音因素词,因此用a% Z?打是街道名称,因此前面不加冠词。
作业12
【答案】
【解析】 介词,吃午饭/zaue。及在时间点前面G
University College London
.What do the study's findings contribute to researchers1 understanding of?
natural environment
education
.What benefits did a professor say the sounds of nature gave children?
benefits -on benefits
skills benefits of seeing birds
.How many children did researchers look at in their study?
,568 ,658 ,586 ,865
.What did the researchers call rivers, lakes and seas?
refreshment water space
.What kinds of tests did children take?
-climbing tests -name tests
-based tests tests
.What other term for nforest bathing" is used in the article?
washing showering
mindfulness therapy
.What does forest bathing immerse people in?
, dew and mist
, sounds and smells of a forest
song and animal cries
wonder of leaves
III CLOZE完形填空
Children who live near woodland in a city have better mental health than children who do not. Researchers say children who visit and (1)the great outdoors every day develop better thinking skills. They (2)have a lower risk of behavioural and emotional problems. Lead author of the research Mikael Maes, from University College London, (3) his research. He said: "These findings (4) our understanding of the natural environment as an important protective (5)for [a child's] cognitive development and mental health.'1 Another report author, Professor Kate Jones, said seeing and hearing the sounds of nature provides psychological (6) for children.
In the four-year study, researchers studied 3,568 children aged between 9 and 15 at 31 schools in London. They examined the links (7)the natural environment and thinking skills, mental health and overall well-being. The researchers (8)how going to woodland and parks, and “blue space" like rivers, lakes and the sea, affected children's health. They asked children to take memory-based tests. The children who visited woodland every day scored higher on the tests. They also had a 17 per cent (9)risk of emotional and behavioural problems. Mr Maes recommended (10)children experience ''forest bathing'* or "forest therapy'1. This is “ being immersed in the sights, sounds and smells of a forest".
1. A. forget
B. experience
C. recall

2. A. never
B. also
C. ever
D. once
3. A. laughed at
B. carried out
about
□.talked about
4. A. agree with
B. contribute to
C. lie in
D. come out
5. A. idea
B. factor
C. way
D. wonder
6. A. hopes
B. damages
C. benefits
D. mistakes
7. A. amid
B. among
C. between
D. over
8. A. surprised
B. denied
C. calculated
D. estimated
9.
B. similar
C. farther
D. lower
10. A. all
B. some

D. most
答案
TRUE / FALSE
.F 3. F
6. F 8. F
II MULTIPLE CHOICE
2. C 4. B 5. A
6. A 7, D 9. D 10. B
III CLOZE


译文
亲近自然会让孩子心理健康
居住在城市林地附近的儿童比远离林地的儿童有更好的心理健康。研究人员说,每天去户外游玩并 体验户外活动的孩子会发展出更好的思维能力。他们在行为和情绪方面也有较低的出问题的风险。来自 伦敦大学学院的研究报告的主要作者迈克尔・梅斯谈到了他的研究。他说:“这些发现有助于我们理解自然
是[儿童]认知发展和心理健康的一个重要保护因素另一位报告作者凯特・琼斯教授说,看到和听到大自然 的声音对儿童的心理有好处。
在这项为期四年的研究中,研究人员对伦敦31所学校的3568名9至15岁儿童进行了研究。他们研
究了自然环境与思维技能、心理健康和整体幸福感之间的联系。研究人员计算了去林地、公园以及河
流、湖泊和海洋等“蓝色空间”对儿童健康的影响。他们让孩子们参加基于记忆的测试。每天去林地的孩子
试中得分更高。他们在情绪和行为上出问题的风险也降低了 17%o梅斯先生建议所有的孩子体验“森林浴 或“森林疗法”。这是“沉浸在森林的景色、声音和气味中”。
猫词用法重点难点
父»总语法精讲精炼
要点精讲归纳、典题训练巩固、答案详细解析
冠词是说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词,置于名词之前,它不能离开名词而单独存在。
冠词的分类:不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词。
一、不定冠词

不定冠词有a和an两个,表示“一个","一类"或"一",可以说是单数名词的帽子,用于单数名词 之前。
冠词
包括
区别
举例
不定冠词
a
用于辅音音素开头的单词前
a book; a ruler, a university
an
用于元音音素开头的单词前
an egg; an umbrella; an apple

用法
例句
当第一次提到某人或某物时,用a或an
起介绍作用
一What is this?这是什么?
—It is a 。
指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物
A boy is looking for you. 一个男孩儿正在找你。
表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没 有one强烈
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
我有一张嘴,一个鼻子和两只眼睛。
表示“每”,相当于every
Lucy and I go to school six days a week. 我和露西每周上六天学。
用在序数词前,表示“又一”、“再一”
Mr. and Mrs. Shute had a daughter called Jane.
Then they had a second child-a son.
舒特夫妇有一个女儿名叫简。不久,他们又有了 一个小孩一一个儿子。
用于可视为一体的两个名词前
a knife and fork 一副刀叉
当名词被such, so, many等词修饰时,不 定冠词放在这些词之后
---Did you see the football match last night?
你看了昨晚的足球比赛了吗?
---Yes, I have never seen such an exciting match before.
看了,我之前从没看过这么精彩的比赛。
,如:
a lot (of)许多,大量 in a hurry 匆忙 a number of 许多 have a swim=swim have a talk=talk
a little 一点儿
have a cold 感冒 a pair of 一对 have a walk=walk
a few 一些,少数几个 make a face做鬼脸 have a good time 过得愉快 have a look=look
二、定冠词
定冠词只包含一个“the”,用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。区别于不定冠词,定冠词具有确定 的意思,用以特指人或事物。

用法
举例
特指某(些)人或某(些)事物
The book on the desk is a story book.
(特指桌上的那本书。)
指说话人与听话人彼此所熟悉的人或事物
Lefs meet at the bus station.
(双方都知道的那个汽车站。)
复述上文提过的人或事物
—Whafs this?
---It's a schoolbag. The schoolbag is Liu Tao's.
表示世界上独一无二的事物
the sun 太阳;the moon 月亮;the sky 天空
在序数词、形容词最高级前
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
习惯用法中
in the morning; in the afternoon; in the evening

主要用法
举例
与单数名词连用表土类事物,或与形容词或分词

用,表示一类人
the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;
the living 生者;the rich 富人
用于表示方向或方位的名词前
the east 东方;the left 左边
用于江河海洋,山脉群岛,海峡海湾的专有名词前
the Red Sea 红海;
the Himalayas喜马拉雅山
用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、

级等专有名词前
the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国;
the United States 美国
用在表示西洋乐器的名词之前
She can play the piano.
她会弹钢琴。
用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人
the Greens
格林一家人(或格林夫妇)
三、零冠词
零冠词是指名词前面没有不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the),也没有其他限定词的现象。

主要用法
举例
国名,人名前通常不用冠词
Chinese food is also very popular in America. 中国食物在美国同样非常受人欢迎。
Shakespeare is the author of Romeo and Juliet. 莎士比亚是《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的作者。
名词前有 this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every 等词时,不用 冠词
This is my 。
I have to do my 。
在表示交通工具、学科名称的名词前不
加冠词
by plane乘飞机 by boat乘船
on foot 走路 Chinese 语文
在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星 期等表示时间的名词之前,一般不用冠 词
Spring is coming. 春天要来了。
We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称
刖,
不加冠词
have breakfast 吃早饭;play chess 玩象棋
在一些固定词组中不加冠词
at home 在家 at first 起初
at last 最后 at once 立亥U
at noon在中午 at work在工作
on time准时 at night在晚上
in school 在上学 in class 在课上
in bed在床上 for example例如
go shopping/ swimming/ boating/ fishing 去买东西/游泳/戈1」船/钓鱼

主要用法
例句
泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词
They are teachers.
他们是教师。
抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词
Failure is the mother of success.
失败乃成功之母。
物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定 的意思时,需要加定冠词
Man cannot live without water.
人离开水就无法生存。
在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词
President Bush 布什总统;
Professor Smith史密斯教授
当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词
I can't write without pen or pencil. 没有钢笔或铅笔,我就写不了字。
人度三点剖析
一、重难点:
冠词是用在名词前起辅助作用的词,要注意冠词不会单独出现。冠词用法比较复杂,一定要掌握不定 冠词、定冠词和零冠词不同的使用情况。
二、易错点:
.不定冠词a用在辅音音素前,而不是用在辅音字母前;an用在兀音音素前,而不是用在兀音字母 前。 如:a European, a university, an hour, an honest boy。
.零冠词中,国名、人名前不加冠词,是指单纯词形式的词,如:England, America, Frank;不能是 合成词,如:the United States of America o
.当由介词by加交通工具表达交通方式时,不加冠词(但是由动词口履加交通工具时,则需要用 冠词),例如:by bus=take a bus; by taxi=take a taxi。
<7届题模精选
题模一:不定冠词及用法
例用a或an填空
worker country
例LL2用a或an完成句子
Would you like apple or pear?
题模二:定冠词及用法
例 L2・l . I really like book you lent me yesterday.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
例 . ---Look! There is a monkey eating apple in the tree.
---En,monkey is very cute.
A. a; a B. a; the
C. an; an D. an; the
题模三:零冠词及用法
例 . We often have sports after class, and I like to play basketball.
A. a B. an C. the D. /