文档介绍:该【高考二轮英语语法专训:03-非谓语动词----(解析版) 】是由【kuailonggua】上传分享,文档一共【21】页,该文档可以免费在线阅读,需要了解更多关于【高考二轮英语语法专训:03-非谓语动词----(解析版) 】的内容,可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能,选择自己适合的文档,以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字,如需要获得完整电子版,请下载此文档到您的设备,方便您编辑和打印。2021届高考二轮英语语法专训
03. 非谓语动词
重点一 非谓语动词做主语、宾语和表语★★★☆☆
(1)动名词做主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,不定式做主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
(2)it做形式主语,代替真正做主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有:It is/was no use/good+doing sth.; It is/was useless doing sth.; It's a waste of time doing sth.; It's+adj.+for/of sb.+to do 。
2.非谓语动词中能做表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词做表语意为“令人感到……的”,而过去分词做表语意为“本身感到……的”。
3.非谓语动词中能做宾语的有动名词和不定式
(1)只能跟动名词做宾语的动词和短语:suggest、 imagine、 mind、 admit、 practise、 risk、 keep、 keep on、 avoid、 escape、 enjoy、 consider、 finish、 miss、 insist on、 look forward to、 feel like、 get down to、 object to等。
(2)只能跟不定式做宾语的动词和短语:wish、 hope、 decide、 refuse、 promise、 pretend、 manage、 want、 plan、 fail、 choose、 would like等。
(3)既可跟动名词又可跟不定式做宾语的动词和短语:remember、 forget、 regret、 stop、 go on、 try等。
·Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed.
睡觉前记得关灯。
·I remember reading about the earthquake in the newspaper.
我记得在报纸上读过关于该地震的文章。
(单句填空)
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90­year­old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ________ (be) Britain's oldest full­time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
答案与解析 being 分析句子成分可知,设空处做介词for的宾语,应用动名词,且其逻辑主语A 90­year­old与be之间为主动关系,此处陈述一般事实,应用主动形式,故填being。
2.(2019·浙江高考)But some students didn't want ______ (wear) the uniform.
答案与解析 to wear want to do ,意为“想要做某事”,故填to wear。
3.(2019·天津高考) ________ (learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
答案与解析 Learning 句意:学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。分析句子结构可知,该句谓语动词为is, an important skill 为表语,故“________ (learn)to think critically”是该句的主语部分,应用动名词做主语,故填Learning。
4.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I became ________ (interest) in playing football thanks to a small accident.
答案与解析 interested interesting “使人感兴趣的”,常修饰物;interested “感兴趣的”,常修饰人。主语是I,故填interested。
重点二 非谓语动词做定语★★★★☆
定语形式
功能
现在分词一般式doing
表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中
现在分词一般式的被动结构being done
表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中
过去分词done
表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成
动词不定式to do
表示将要发生的动作
动词不定式一般式的被动结构to be done
表示将要被做的动作
·Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a
被动的完成的动作
great number of outstanding figures.
清华大学建立于1911年,是许多杰出人物的摇篮。
·We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
被动的将来的动作
我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。
·The lecture, starting at 7: 00 pm last night, was
主动的动作
followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
讲座于昨晚七点开始,随后是用望远镜观察月球。
(单句填空)
5.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call ________ (say) she was short­listed, we thought it was a joke.
答案与解析 saying When we got a call ... 为时间状语从句,从句中的谓语got与设空处之间无连词连接,故设空处应用非谓语形式,且call与say之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词做定语,故填saying。
6.(2019·北京高考)Earth Day, ________ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
答案与解析 marked 句意:地球日于4月22日举行,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知,本句谓语是is, 设空处做名词短语Earth Day的后置定语,mark与Earth Day 是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词做后置定语,填marked。mark在本句中是熟词生义,意为“庆祝;纪念”。
7.(2018·浙江高考)Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem ________ (call) caffeinism.
答案与解析 called 句意:更大剂量的咖啡会导致一种症状,叫“咖啡因中毒”。设空处在名词problem后作定语,且call与problem之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 应用过去分词作后置定语,填called。
重点三 非谓语动词做状语★★★★★
不定式主要可以做目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。
(1)在too ... to do、 enough to do、 so/such ... as to do结构中做状语表目的。
·He is such a good teacher as to be respected by all his students.
他是个如此好的老师,以至于受到他所有学生的尊敬。
(2)在only/just to do结构中,表示出乎意料的结果。
·He rushed to the station, only to find that the train had left.
他匆忙赶到火车站,却发现火车已经开走了。
(3)在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do 。
·He was surprised to be informed of the news.
被告知这一消息,他感到吃惊。
2.分词做状语
(1)v.-ing形式:现在分词做状语,用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,且含有进行之意。
(2)v.-ed形式:①过去分词做状语,用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且含有完成之意。
②源于系表结构的部分过去分词做状语,表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系,其前不用being,常见的有:seated (坐着的)、hidden (躲着)、devoted (专注的)、lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)、born in (出身于)、dressed in (穿着)、tired of (厌烦了)等。
·Following the teacher, some students entered the classroom.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)
·The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)
(3)having done/having been done强调分词的动作发生在句子的谓语动词表示的动作之前。
·Not having finished my homework, I had to stay at home.(动词finish与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,且先于谓语动词表示的动作发生)
(4)有些分词或不定式短语做状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:
generally speaking 一般来说
frankly speaking 坦白地说
judging from/by 根据……来判断
to tell (you) the truth 说实话
to begin/start with 起初;开始
to be honest 诚实地说
to make things/matters worse让事情变得更糟糕的是
(单句填空)
8.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s, and are expensive ____________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
答案与解析 to perform 句意:跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从20世纪80年代中期以来才开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。该处是“主语+be+adj.+to do”句式,其中不定式做结果状语,与methods是逻辑上的动宾关系。故此处填to perform。
9.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ________ (improve) water quality.
答案与解析 to improve 句意:为改善水质,政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻。此处“改善水质”是“种植玉米”的目的,故用不定式做目的状语,填to improve。
10.(2018·北京高考)Ordinary soap, ________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
答案与解析 used 句意:普通的肥皂,只要使用恰当,就可以有效除菌。use与soap是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词做状语表。
重点四 非谓语动词做补语
,形式为“动词(短语)+宾语+宾补(不定式)”。如:advise、 allow、 ask、 beg、 cause、 encourage、 expect、 forbid、 force、 invite、 persuade、 teach、 remind、 warn、 wish、 call on、 depend on等。
·The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.
医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。
2.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see、 watch、 observe、 notice、 look at、 hear、 listen to、 feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正在进行,done表被动或完成。
3.make/have/get/keep/leave+宾语+补语
宾补
宾补
动词
+宾语
to do
-ing
done
make+宾语
do
×
√
keep+宾语
×
√
√
have+宾语
do/to do(区别:have sb. do “让某人做某事”;have sth. to do意为“有某事要做”,to do做后置定语)
√(表示主体使客体处于某种状态或一直做某事)
√(表示让别人做某事或让某事被做)
get+宾语
√
√
√
leave+宾语
√
√
√
·Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时,克莱尔把行李进行了安检。
4.“with+宾语+宾补”结构
(1)with+名词/代词+现在分词。现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。
·He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.
他躺在草地上,眼望着天空。
(2)with+名词/代词+过去分词。过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。
·With his hair cut, he looked much younger.
理了发,他看起来年轻多了。
(3)with+名词/代词+不定式。不定式表示动作尚未发生。切记:不定式在任何情况下都用主动形式,表示被动意义。
·With a lot of homework to do, I can't go skating with you.
因为有很多作业要做,我不能和你一起去滑冰。
(单句填空)
11.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay) and watch.
答案与解析 to stay 句意:一旦传达了他的信息,他就允许我待在那里观察。allow sb./sth. to do “允许某人/某物做”;宾语me与stay是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用to stay做宾补。
12.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
答案与解析 to process 句意:需要它们(脂肪和盐)来处理我们吃的食物,以此从伤病中恢复并有益于其他几项身体功能。“被要求做某事”,不定式在句中做补语。
13.I saw some elderly people ________ (practice) Tai Chi slowly. I stopped and watched their movements closely.
答案与解析 practicing 根据后一句中的“我停下来仔细观看他们的动作”可知,此处表“我看见一些老人正在缓慢地练太极”。该句含有“see+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语some elderly people与practice是逻辑上的主谓关系,且根据语境表正在发生的动作,故用现在分词做宾补。
牢记:“感官动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,宾补可以是doing,表主动的和正在进行的动作;可以是do,表主动的动作的全过程;_还可以是done,表被动和完成。
【 技巧】
▲核心技法回顾
对于语法填空中非谓语动词的解答,首先通过分析句子结构判断设空处是否应填非谓语动词,然后根据非谓语动词的用法确定具体。
1.如果做主语或表语,应用动词-ing或不定式形式,如果设空处有“for+名词或代词”,设空处用不定式。
2.如果做定语,要判断该非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系,再根据不定式、动词-ing、过去分词做定语的用法确定设空处所需形式。
3.如果做宾语,要注意设空处前面的词,如果是介词(注意有时可能省略介词),设空处一定是动词-ing;如果是及物动词,要根据非谓语动词做宾语的用法判断其形式。
4.如果做目的状语或表意外的结果状语或在形容词后做状语,用动词不定式。如果做伴随、时间、条件、非意外的结果等状语,要根据其与逻辑主语之间的关系,确定用现在分词或过去。
5.如果做宾补,首先需要弄清设空处与宾语的逻辑关系,如果是主动关系,答案可能是to do、 doing或不带to的不定式;如果是被动关系,答案可能是being done、 to be done或done。
6.牢记一些不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的变化形式,不要因大小写弄错丢分,以不发音的字母e结尾的动词变­ing形式时,一定要去掉结尾的字母e,再加ing
。
7.注意固定结构和用法,分清介词to 和不定式符号to。
▲语法填空解题技法练习
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
答案与解析 noting 句意:科学家们已做出回应,指出饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类居住地附近,导致熊的数量比实际数量要多的错觉。设空处做介词by的宾语,应用动名词作宾语,故填noting。by doing sth.“通过做某事”。note在本句中意为“特别提到;指出”。
2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day of our week­long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
答案与解析 listening 分析句子结构可知,设空处前为完整的句子,故设空处应填非谓语动词。we与listen 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 表主动和伴随,应用现在分词做状语。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题,and后meeting interesting locals为现在分词形式,故空处填listening。
3.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans ________ (retire) from her 36­year­old business.
答案与解析 to retire 分析句子结构可知,从句中已有谓语动词had,设空处与had之间无连词连接,应用非谓语动词形式。设空处做名词plans的后置定语,应用动词不定式,故填to retire。
解题技巧 动词不定式做后置定语
一些抽象名词如plan, ability, chance, right, desire, hope, wish, fact, excuse, way等,常用动词不定式做后置定语;另外,当中心词为序数词、最高级、the last, the only等或中心词被这类词所修饰时,多用不定式做后置定语。
4.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If I succeed in ________ (manage) one, I will open more.
答案与解析 managing 固定短语succeed in doing “成功做了某事”,in为介词,其后的动词应用动名词形式,故填managing。
5.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don't have to run fast or for long ________ (see) the benefit.
答案与解析 to see 句意:你不必为了弄清跑步的好处而跑得很快或很久。由句意可知此处在句中做目的状语,You与see是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用不定式的主动形式to see。
6.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Some of us were confident and eager ________ (take) part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.
答案与解析 to take 根据be eager to do sth. “渴望做某事”的用法可知,此处应用不定式做状语,故填to take。
7.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, ________ (wait) to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
答案与解析 waiting 分析句子结构可知,本句主干是Everyone was silent,主系表结构完整,故wait应用非谓语动词形式。Everyone与wait是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词做状语,表伴随。
8.To the Chinese people, bamboo is the symbol of virtue, ________ (reflect) people's soul and emotion.
答案与解析 reflecting virtue与reflect是逻辑上的主谓关系, 应用现在分词做后置定语, 填reflecting。
9.(2020·荆州高三调研)The results showed that the older group were significantly more likely than the younger ________ (accept) the truth as a lie they had been told less than an hour earlier.
答案与解析 to accept 该处是固定结构be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”。
10.(2020·长沙高三检测)As for the questions, ________ (choose) at random before, the researchers told the participants to think carefully.
答案与解析 chosen choose与the questions是逻辑上的动宾关系,且根据句中的before可知,此处非谓语动词表被动且完成的动作,应用过去分词做后置定语,填chosen。choose_(选择)—chose—chosen。
11.The boys played with it until it broke, and then made their own ________ (replace) it.
答案与解析 to replace 句意:男孩们一直玩到它坏了,然后自己做了一个来代替它。根据句意可知该处是动词不定式做目的状语,故填to replace。
12.The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed ________ (take) out of the reading room.”
答案与解析 to be taken be allowed to do“被允许做”。take out 与magazine是动宾关系, 故此处填不定式的被动语态,填to be taken。 take_(拿走)—took—taken。
13.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
答案与解析 swept 句意:帕拉森和丈夫现在认为戒指可能是被扫到一堆厨房垃圾里去了。设空前是系动词got, sweep与the ring是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词做表语,填swept。sweep的过去式和过去分词形式分别是swept、_swept。
14.Studies suggest that by the end of this century, nearly half of the 7,000 languages now ________ (speak) worldwide could disappear.
答案与解析 spoken 句意:研究表明,到20世纪末,现在全世界说的7 000种语言中的近一半可能会消失。设空处意为“说”,与被修饰词languages之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词做后置定语。
牢记:speak_(说)—spoke—spoken。
15.We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ________ (do) to achieve the final success.
答案与解析 doing/to be done 分析句子结构可知,do与work之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示“……需要被做”用need doing/need to be done。注意:need, want, require表示“需要”时,“need/want/require to do sth.”结构表示主动意义,意为“需要做某事”,“sth. needs/wants/requires doing/to be done”结构表示被动意义,意为“某事需要被做”。
【 能力】
一、单项选择
1. The life events of this moment are being placed in your experience to provide you with a perfect context the true wonder and glory of Who You Really Are.
A. within where you could experience B. within that to experience
C. which to experience within D. within which to experience
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:此刻的生活事件被放置在你的经验中,为你提供一个完美的背景。你可以在其中体验你是谁的真正的奇迹和荣